Extinction

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Abbott, D. H., and Isley, A. E., 2003, Reply to comment on “Extraterrestrial influences on mantle plume activity’ by Andrew Glikson: Earth and Planetry Science Letters, v. 215, p. 429-432.

Achenbach, J., 2003, Fire and Ice, big rocks, raging volcanoes, and a big chill: National Geographic, 203, n. 4, p. 1.

Acikkol, N., Campione, N. E., Kear, B., and Budd, G., 2014, Testing the Cretaceous diversity of ichthyosaurs and their extinction hypotheses using a quantitative approch: In: Meeting Program and Abstracts, 74th Meeting Berling, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 77.

Adatte, T., Keller, G., Burns, S., Stoykova, K. H., Ivanov, M. I., Vangelov, D., Kramar, U., and Stuben, 2002, Paleoenvironment across the Cretaceous-Tertiary transtion in eastern Bulgaria: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 231-251.

Adatte, T., Stinnesbeck, W., and Keller, G., 1994, Clastic deposits in NE and Central Mexico predate K/T boundary and are incompatible with Tsunami deposition: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 122, (T37), p. A-334-335.

Adatte, T., Stinnesbeck, W., and Keller, G., 1994, Minerological an dsedimentological data near K/T boundary in NE Mexico are incomptaible with a Tsunami event: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 114, (T19), p.A-297.

Alchin, G., 1997, Paleontology: Lost worlds, iguanodons and the European perspective: Geology Today, November-December, 1997, p. 210-211.

Alegret, L., Arenillas, I., Arz, J. A., Liesa, C., Melendez, A., Molina, E., Soria, A. R., and Thomas, E., 2002, The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: sedimentology and microplaeontology at El Mulato secton, NE Mexico: Terra Nova, v. 14, p. 330-336.

Alexander, G., 1981, Going, Going, Gone: Science, v. 81, p. 66-68.

Allen, B. J., Stubbs, T. L., Benton, M. J., and Puttick, M. N., 2019, Archosauromorph extinction selectivity during the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction: Palaeontology, v. 62, part 2,p. 211-224.

Allen, B. J., Wignall, P. B., Hill, D. J., Saupe. E. E., and Dunhill, A. M., 2020, The latitudinal diversity gradient of tetrapods across the Permo-Triassic mass extinction and recovery interval: Proceedings of the Rosay Soceity, B, v. 287: 20201125, published online, 7pp.

Allmon, W. D., 1997, Mass extinction, the Biodiveristy crisis, and the future of paleontology: In: Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium sponsered by Arizona State University. A Publication of The Academy of Natural Sciences, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Stump, and Rosenberg, G. D., p. 513-517.

Allmon, W. D., 2002, Mass extinctions: Geotimes, July, 2002, p. 25.

Alper, J., 1994, Earth’s Near-Death Experience: Earth, v. 3, n. 1, p. 42-51.

Alroy, J., 2002, Extraterrestrial bolid impacts and biotic change in North American mammals: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 22, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Sixty-second annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman Oklahoma, October 9-12, p. 32a.

Alvarez, L. W., Alverez, W., Asaro, F., and Michel, H. V., 1980, Extraterrestral Cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction: Science, v. 208, p. 1095-1108.

Alvarez, L. W., Alverez, W., Asaro, F., and Michel, H. V., 1981, Asteroid extinction hypothesis (reply to Kent, D. V., Reid, G. C., and Brown, R. E.): Science, v. 211, p. 654-656.

Alverez, W., Alverez, L. W., Asaro, F., and Michel, H. V., 1979, Experimental evidence in support of an extra-terrestrial trigger from the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinctions: EOS, v. 60, n. 42, p. 734.

Alverez, W., Alverez, L. W., Asaro, F., and Michel, H. V., 1979, Anomalous iridium leveles at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Cubio, Italy: Negative results of Tests for a Superonova Origin: Annual Meetings of the Geolgical Society of American (92d), p. 378.

Alverez, W., Alverez, L. W., Asaro, F., and Michel, H. V., 1984, The End of the Cretaceous: Sharp Boundary or Gradual Transtion?: Science, p. 1183-1186.

Alverez, W., Claeys, P., and Kieffer, S. W., 1995, Emplacement of Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Shocked Quartz from Chicxulub Crater: Science, v. 269, p. 930-935.

Alverez, W., and O’Conner, D., 2002, Permian-Triassic boundary in the southwestern United States: hiatus or conutinuity?: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 385-393.

Alvarez, W., Kauffman, E. G., Surlyk, F., Alvarez, L. W., Asaro, F., and Michel, H. V., 1984, Impact Theory of Mass Extinctions and the Invertebrate Fossil Record: Science, v. 223, p. 1135-1141.

Alverez, W., and Muller, R. A., 1984, Evidence from crater ages for periodic impacts on the Earth: Nature, v. 308, p. 718-720.

Alverez, W., and Vann, D. W., 1979, Comments and replies on 'Biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of Paleocene terrestrial deposits, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: Geology, 1979, p. 66-67.

Anders, E., Wolbach, W. S., and Lewis, R. S. 1986, Reply to Argyle, E., 1986, Cretaceous Extinctions and Wildfires: Science, v. 234, p. 263-264.

Andrews, J. E., Tandon, S. K., and Dennis, P. F., 1995, Concentration of carbon dioxide in the Late Cretaceous atmosphere: Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 152, p.1-3.

Angier, N., reported by Robert Bruderi/Berkeley and Christine Gorman/New York, with other bureaus, 1985, Did Comets Kill The Dinosaurs?: Time, v. 125, n. 18, p. 72-74, 77-79, 81, 83.

Angielczyk, K. D., 2002, Dicynodont theraspids and the Permo-Triassic extinction: Annual meeting & exposition, Denver, 2002, p. 359-360.

Angielczyk, K. D., 2003, Dicynodont extinctions in the Permian: one, many or none? Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 23, supplement to n. 3, abstracts of papters, sixty-third annual meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Science museum of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, October 15-18, p.29a-30a.

Angielczyk, K. D., and Walsh, M. L., 2008, Patterns in the evolution of nares size and secondary palate length in anomodont therapsids (Synapsida): implications for hypoxia as a cause of end-Permian tetrapod extinctions: Journal of Paleontology, v. 82, n. 4, p. 578-542.

Angielczyk, K. D., Roopnarine, P. D., and Wang, S. C., 2005, Modeling the role of primary productivity distruptioin in end-Permian extinctions, Karoo Basin, South Africa: In: The Nonmarine Permian; edited by Lucas, S. G., and Zeigler, K. E., New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science, Bulletin 30, p. 16-23.

Angielczyk, K. D., Roopnarine, P. D., and Wang, S. C., 2007, Does extinction resistance explain changes in trophic network structures in terrestrial vertebrate communities: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 27, supplement to n. 3, 67 annual meeting, The Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, p. 41a.

Angielczyk, K. D., Roopnarine, P. D., and Wang, S. C., 2006, Were end-Permian terrestrial vertebrate communities unusally susceptible to extinction? Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 26, supplement to n. 3, Sixty-sixth annual meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, October 18-21, p. 37a.

Anonymous, 1939, Dinosaur extinction: Science, v. 90, p. 11.

Anonymous, 1965, First Primates lived with last Dinosaurs: New Sceintist, v. 11, p. 372.

Anonymous, 1969, Did an Earth "Flip" kill the Dinosaurs?: Science & Culture, v. 35, p. 47-49.

Anonymous, 1972, What did the dinosaurs: Warm blood or soft eggs?: Science News, v. 102, p. 53.

Anonymous, 1977, Did the dinosaurs die of rickets?: New Scientsit, pl 265.

Anonymous, 1979, Dinosaur Demise: Extraterrestrial Source?: Science News, v. 115, p. 356.

Anonymous, 1980, The quest for a catastrophe: Science News, v. 118, n. 9, p. 134.

Anonymous, 1980, The iridium connection: Scientific American, v. 243, n. 2, p. 86B, 90.

Anonymous, 1981. Cretaceous catastrphe: Crystalline clues: Science, v. 120, p. 36.

Anonymous, 1981, The Cretaceous: A gradual end?: Science News, v. 120, p. 119.

Anonymous, 1982, Alligators: Clue to dinosaurs' demise?: Science News, v. 121, p. 326.

Anonymous, 1982, Proceedings of K-Tec II workshop: In: K-Tec II, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 39, p. 6-135.

Anonymous, 1984, Plant life after the extinctions: Science News, v. 126, p. 216.

Anonymous, 1984, Dinosaur death called gradual: The San Diego Union, Saturday, November 3, 1984, p. A-24.

Anonymous, 1985, Did Comets Kill The Dinosaurs?: Time, May 6, p. 72-79, 81, 83.

Anonymous, 1985, Comet Fire, Did it doom the dinosaurs?: Time, October 14, v. 126, p. 92.

Anonymous, 1985, Dinosaur Find. The Alaskan connection: Time, September 9, p. 71.

Anonymous, 1985, Mysterious planet may have caused dinosaurs’ demise: Daily Californian, February 25, 1985.

Anonymous, 1985, Arctic dinosaurs raise questions: Science News, v. 128, p. 135.

Anonymous, 1985, Meteors and MASS NMR: It's a hit!: Science News, v. 127, p. 206.

Anonymous, 1986, Debate continues over demise of dinosaurs: Daily Californian, December, 12, 1986.

Anonymous, 1986, Asteroid didn’t end dinosaurs, scientist say: San Diego Union, November 10, 1986,
Anonymous, 1987, Dinosaur bones found in Alaska may chill extinction theory: The Tribune, Friday, Septemer 25, 1987, p. A3.

Anonymous, 1987, Geologist says earth eruptions tirggered demise of dinosaurs: The San Diego Union, Saturday, November 28, 1987, p. A 19.

Anonymous, 1990, Study says fires may have killed dinosaurs: The San Diego Union, Thrusday, January 18, 1990, p. A-19.

Anonymous, 1992, New evidnce confirms meteor strike wiped out dinosaurs, scientist say: San Diego Union-Tribuene, August, 14, 1992, p. A-2.

Anynomous, 1992, More on the Cretaceous superplume: Geology Today, May-June, p. 88-90.

Anonymous, 1992, Did impacts help dinosaurs thrive?: Science News, v. 141, p. 91.

Anonymous, 1992, More Extinctions linked to meteorites: Earth, v. 1, n. 6, p. 12, 14.

Anonymous, 1992, New evidence confirms meteor strike wiped out dinosaurs, scientists say: The San Diego Union-Tribune, Friday, Autust 14, p. A2.

Anonymous, 1992, Dating of rocks links hole to dinosaur demise: Times Advocate, Friday, August 14, 1992.

Anonymous, 1993, Fossils tell of awsome catastrophe: The San Diego Union-Tribune, Friday, May 14, 1993, p. A-6.

Anonymous, 1993, Asteroird collision causes extinction: Geotimes, April, p. 6.

Anonymous, 1993, K-T catastrophe: No place to hide: Science News, v. 143, p. 351.

Anonymous, 1993, More catastrophes, K-T and otherwise: American Paleontologist, v. 1, n. 4, p. 14.

Anonymous, 1994, Extinctions- the volcanic connection: Geotimes, March-April, p. 51.

Anonymous, 1994, Extinctions - the impact connection: Geotimes, March-April, p. 51-52.

Anonymous, 1994, Extinctions: How many K/T survivors were there?: Geology Today January-February, p. 9.

Anonymous, 1994, Still more on Chicxulub: American Paleontologist, v. 2, n. 1, p. 7.

Anonymous, 1994, Nutrients and Mass extinctions: American Paleontologist, v. 2, n. 3, p. 6.

Anonymous, 1994, K-T: Sudden or Gradual?: American Paleontologist, v. 2, n. 4, p. 5.

Anonymous, 1994, K-T Acid rain unlikely: American Paleontologist, v. 2, n. 4, p. 5-6.

Anonymous, 1995, More extraterrestrail causes?: American Paleontologist, v. 3, n. 1, p. 6.

Anonymous, 1995, But where’s the extinction?: Geology Today, March-April, 1995, p. 56.

Anonymous, 1995, Model links nacient impact to volcanic eruptions: Geotimes, May, 1995, p. 11.

Anonymous, 1995, Is Mass Extinction Selective?: American Paleontologist, v. 3, n. 2, p. 6.

Anonymous, 1995, Is It Periodic?: American Paleontologist, v. 3, n. 2, p. 6.

Anonymous, 1995, Buy why extinction?: Geology-Today, May-June, p. 94-95.

Anonymous, 1995, Back to the Deccan: Geology-Today, November-December, p. 212-213.

Anonymous, 1995, Extraterrestrial Extinction Causes: The Fossil Collector Bulletin, n. 45, p. 17.

Anonymous, 1995, Proof of dinosaur killer may lurk beneath sea: The San Diego Union Tribune, Thursday, December 12,

Anonymous, 1996, New evidence of ancient disasters: Geotimes, May, p. 8.

Anonymous, 1996, Another dinosaur death mechanism: Geology Today, May-June, 1996, p. 87.

Anonymous, 1997, Hitting the Earh hard, but not yet: Geology Today, January-February, p. 17-18.

Anonymous, 1997, How big is Chicxulub? (1): Geology Today, January-February, p. 18.

Anonymous, 1997, How big is Chicxulub? (2): Geology Toady, January-Feruary, p. 18-19.

Anonymous, 1997, Dinosaur Death: Late extra: Geology Today, May-June, 1997, p. 92.

Anonymous, 1998, Indian dino-eggs: Geology Today, January-February, p. 7.

Anonymous, 1998, Extra-terrestrial impact news: Triassic: American Paleontologist, v. 6, n. 4, p. 18.

Anonymous, 1998, Cretaceous-Tertiary: American Paleontologist, v. 6, n. 4, p. 19.

Anonymous, 1999, K-T impact and extinction linked more tightly: American Paleontologist, v. 7, n. 2, p. 15.

Anonymous, 1999, Investigating P/T: Geology Today, May-June, p. 101.

Anonymous, 1999, A bit of the K/T asteroid?: Geology Today, May-June, p. 101.

Anonymous, 1999, Giant lava flows at the Triassic-Jurassic extinctions?: American Paleontologist, v. 7, n. 3, p. 18.

Anonymous, 2000, Triassic extinctions earlier on land than sea: American Paleontologist, v. 8, n. 2, p. 18.

Anonymous, 2000, K-T decline of dinosaurs not gradual: American Paleontologist, v. 8, n. 2, p. 19.

Anonymous, 2000, Permo-Triassic extinctioin event rapid and worldwide: American Paleontologist, v. 8, 3, p. 15.

Anonymous, 2000, Early Jurassic extincions connected to volcanism? American Paleontologist, v. 8, n. 3, p. 16.

Anonymous, 2001, Dinosaur boom boom: Geology Today, v. 17, n. 3, p. 83.

Anonymous, 2002, K-T impact: death by dust or not? American Paleontologist, v. 10, n. 1, p. 20.

Anonymous, 2002, Effects of mass extinctions: only two really changed things: American Paleontologist, v. 10, n. 2, p. 18.

Anonymous, 2002, Volcanism and impact at the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction: American Paleontologist, v. 10, n. 2, p. 18.

Anonymous, 2002, 87SR/86SR for impact: Geology Today, v. 18, n. 2, p. 58-59.

Anonymous, 2002, Asteroid evidence for the end-Permian extinction: Geology Today, v. 18, n. 3, p. 92-93.

Anonymous, 2002, Another mass extinction – volcanic correlation: Geology Today, v. 18, n. 4, p. 136.

Anonymous, 2002, The low-dust impact: Geology Today, v. 18, n. 4, p. 137-138.

Anonymous, 2003, Piovvero meteoriti sulle teste dei Dinosauri?: Paleo news, n. 8, newsletter della Societa Paleontolgica Italia, p. 25.

Anonymous, 2007, The big splash: Nature, v. 449, p. 1-2.

Anonymous, 2023, Study removes human bias from debate over dinosaurs' demise: Phys Org, published online, 6pp.

Anonymous, 2023, Study reshapes understanding of mass extinction in Late Devonian era: Phys Org, published online, 4pp.

Aratai, M., and Yanokura, M., 1994, Heavy-ion Rutherford scattering applied to dinosaur egg shell from Canada and soil samples form Kawaruppu, Urahoro, Hokkaido at the end of the Cretaceous period: Riken Review, n. 4, p. 2-3.

Archibald, J. D., 1987, Stepwise and non-catastrphic late Cretaceous terrestrial extinctions in the Western Interior of North America: testing observations in the context of an histroical science: Memoris de la Societe Geologique de France, new series, n. 150, p. 45-52.

Archibald, J. D., 1989, The Demise of the Dinosaurs and the Rise of the Mammals: In: The Age of Dinosaurs. short courses in Paleontology, n. 2, convened by Padian, K., and Chure, D. J. series editor Culver, S. J., A Publication of the Paleontological Society, p. 162-174.

Archibald, J. D., 1990, Vertebrate biochronology in the Uppermost Cretaceous and Lowermost Paleogene of North America: In: International Symposium, Nonmarine Cretaceous Correlations, abstracts, p. 7.

Archibald, J. D., 1991, The Earliest known Palaeocene mammal fauna and its impliations for the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition: Nature, v. 291, p. 650-652.

Archibald, J. D., 1991, Survivorship patterns of non-marine Vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) Boundary in the Western U.S: In: Fifth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, extended abstracts, editied by Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., Heintz, N., and Nakrem, H. A., Contributions from the Paleontological Museum, University of Oslo, n. 364, 1991, p. 1-2.

Archibald, J. D., 1993, Were dinosaurs born losers?: New Scientist, v. 137, n. 1860, p. 24-27.

Archibald, J. D., 1993, Major Extinctions of land-dwelling vertebrates at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, eastern Montana: Comment and Reply: Geology, January, p.90-92.

Archibald, J. D., 1994, Testing K/T extinction scenarios using nonmarine vertebrate: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 14, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Fifty-Fourth Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Burke Museum, Univesity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 7 September, p. 14A.

Archibald, J. D., 1994, Testing K/T extinction scenarios with nonmarien vertebrate data: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 114, (T19), p. A-297.

Archibald, J. D., 1996, Dinosaur extinction and the end of an era: What the fossils say: In: Dinofest International Symposium, programs and abstracts, edited by Wolberg, D. L., and Stump, E., Arizona State University, p. 25.

Archibald, J. D., 1996, Testing extinction theories at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary using the vertebrate fossil record: In: Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinctions, biotic and environmental changes, edited by Macleod, N., and Keller, G., W. W. Norton & Company, p. 373-397.

Archibald, J. D., 1997, Extinction: In: Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, edited by Currie, P. J., and Padian, K., Academic Press, p. 217-230.

Archibald, J. D., 2002, Dinosaur extinction: changing views: In: Dinosaurs, the science behind the stories, edited by Scotchmoor, J. G., Springer, D. A., Breithaupt, B. H., and Fiorillo, A. R., American Geological Institute, p. 99-106.

Archibald, J. D., 2005, Where dinosaurs the victims of a single catastrophe? No, it only finished them off: Natural History, v. 114, n. 4, p. 52-53.

Archibald, J. D., Butler, R. F., Lindsay, E. H, Clemens, W. A., and Dingus, L., 1982, Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, Hell Creek and Tullock Formations, northeastern Montana: Geolgy, v. 10, p. 153-159.

Archibald, J. D., and Clemens, W. A., 1982, Late Cretaceous Extinctions: American Scientist, v. 70, p. 377-385.

Archibald, J. D., and Clemens, W. A., 1982, (Response to : Asaro, F., Alverez, L. W., Michel, H. V., and Alverez, W., 1982; Russell, D. A. 1982c; and Trenn, T. J., 1982): American Scientist, v. 70, n. 6, p. 568, 570-571.

Archibald, J. D., Clemens, W. A., Padian, K., Rowe, T., MacLeod, N,. Barret, P. M., Gale, A., Holroyd, P., Sues, H.-D., Arens, N. C., Horner, J. R., Wilson, G. P., Goodwin, M. K., Brochu, C. A., Lofgren, D. L., Hurlbert, S. H., Hartman, J. H., Eberth, D. A., Wignall, P. B., Currie, P. J., Weil, A., Prasad, G. V. R., Dingus, L., Courtillot, V., Milner, A., Milner, A., Bajpai, S., Ward, D. J., and Sahni, A., 2010, Cretaceous extinctions: multiple causes: Science, v. 328, p. 973.

Archibald, J. D., and Fastovsky, D. E., 2004, Dinosaur extincion, Chapter Thirty: In: The Dinosauria, Second Edition, edited by Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmolska, H., California University Press, p. 672-684.

Archibald, J. D., and MacLeod, N., 2007, Dinosaurs, extinction theories for: Encyclopedia Biodiversity, p. 1-9.

Archer, M., and Molnar, R., 1984, Origins and early Radiations of Reptiles: In: Vertebrate Zoogeography & Evolution in Australasia. (Animals in space & Time), edited by Archer, M., and Clayton, G., Hesperian Press, p. 311-329.

Argyle, E., 1986, Cretaceous Extinctions and Wildfires: Science, v. 234, p. 261.

Arthur, M. A., 1993, When Worlds Collide: The End-Cretaceous Global Crisis: Earth & Mineral Sciences, v. 62, n. 1, p. 3-12.

Arthur, M. M., Kennedy, W. J., Gale, A. S. , Thirlwall, M. F., Chen, M., Burnett, J., and Hancock, J. M., Strontium isotope stratigraphy in the Late Cretaceous: intercontinental correlation of the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary: Terra Nova, v. 4, p. 385-393.

Arz, J. A., Arenillas, I., Soria, A. R., Alegret, L., Grajales-Nishimura, J. M., Liesa, C. L., Melendez, A., Mlina, E., and Rosalses, M. C., 2001, Micropaleontology and sedimentology across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at La Ceiba (Mexico): impact-generated sediment gravity flows: Journal of South American Earth Sciences, v. 14, p. 505-519.

Aschoff, J. L., Giles, K. A., and Lawton, T. F., 2001, Origin of Upper Cretaceous (Latest Maastrichtian) massive, boulder-cobble conglomerates, Potrerillos Formation, la popa basin, northeastern Mexico: incised valley fill or mega-tsunamite? GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition Abstracts, v. 33, n. 6, p. A-202.

Asero, F, Alvarez, L. W., Michel, H. V., and Alveraez, W., 1982, (Response to : Asaro, F., Alverez, L. W., Michel, H. V., and Alverez, W., 1982; Russell, D. A. 1982c; and Trenn, T. J., 1982): American Scientist, v. 70, n. 6, p. 567-568.

Astaf yeva-Urbaytis, K. A., and Yasamanov, N. A., 1995, Coincidence of extinctions with the positions of the Earth on the Galactic orbit: Transactions of the Doklady of the Russian Academy of Science, v. 333a, v. 9, p. 89-92.

Axelrod. D. I., 1981, Role of volcanism in climate and evolution: The Geological Society of America, Special Paper, n. 185, p. 1-59.

Axlerod, D. I., and Bailey, H. P., 1968, Cretaceous Dinosaur extinction: Evolution, v. 22, p. 595-611.

B

Baggley, K., 2023, Impact winter. Soot darkened the skies and consigned species to oblivion: Popular Science, Special Edition, p. 81.

Bailey, M. E., 1984, Nemesis for Nemesis: Nature, v. 311, p. 602-603.

Baisas, L., 2023, The Delube, how a dinosaur-killing astroid created a tsunami with mile-high crests: Popular Science, Special Edition, p. 82-85.

Bajpai, S., 1996, Iridium Anomaly in Anjar Intertrappen Beds and the K/T Boundary: Memoris Geological Society of India, v. 37, p. 313-319.

Bajpai S., and Prasad, G. V. R., 2000, Cretaceous age for Ir-rich Deccan intertrappean deposits: Palaeontological evidence from Anjar, western India: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 157, p. 257-260.

Bakker, R. T., 1998, The untimely demise of Tyrannosaurus rex – a frog’s eye view: Tate Geological Museum, Casper College, Casper Wyoming. Tate ’98. Life in the Cretaceous, p. 109-110.

Bakker, R. T., Kralis, D., Siegwarth, J., and Filla, J., 1992, Edmarka rex, a new, gigantic theropod dinosaur from the Middle Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic of the Como Bluff outcrop region. With comments on the evolution of the chest region and shoulder in theropods and birds, and a discussion of the five cycles of origin and extinction among giant dinosaurian predators: Hunteria, v. 2, n. 9, p. 1-24.

Bamforht, E,. and Larsson, H., 2009, The K-T impact on paleobiodiveristy: new paleoecological perspectives from southern Saskatchewan, Canada: In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 29, supplement to n. 3, 69th Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and 57th Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy (SPVCA): 58a.

Barash, M. S., 2011, Factors responsible for catastrohic extinction of marine organisms at the Mesozoic-Cenozoic boundary: Oceanology,v. 51, n. 4, p. 640-641.

Barrick, R. E., and Showers, W. J., 1994, Thermophysiology of Tyrannosaurus rex: Evidence from Oxygen Isotopes: Science, v. 265, p. 222-224.

Beard, J., 1990, Did nickel poisoning finish off the dinosaurs? New Scientist, v. 126, n. 1717, p. 31.

Beatty, J. K., 1991, Killer Crater in the Yucatan?: Sky & Telescope, v. 82, n. 1, p. 38-40.

Beeson, D. C., Gartner, S., Keller, G., Macleod, N., Medus, J., Rocchia, R., and Robin, E., 1994, Stratigraphy and depostitional environment across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boudnary Brazos River, Falls County, Texas: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 114, (T19), p. A-297.

Beland, P., 1976, Models for the collapse of terrestrial communities of large vertebrates: n: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 25-38.

Beland, P., 1977, Models for the collapse of terrestrial communities of large vertebrates: Syllogeus, n. 20, p. 25-37.

Beland, P., Roy, J.-R., and Russell, D., 1976, Chains of events leading to mass extinctions: Two symposes: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 155-159.

Beland, P., and Russell, D., 1976, Biotic extinctions by solar flares: Nature, v. 263, p. 259.

Beland, P., Roy, J-P., Russell, D., 1977, Chains of events leading to mass extinctions: two synopses.: Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 155-158.

Belcher, C. M., Collinson, M. E., Sweet, A. R., Hildebrand, A. R., and Scott, A. C., 2003, Fireball passes and nothing burns—The role of thermal radiation in the Cretaceous-Tertiary event: evidence from the charcoal record of North America: Geology, v. 31, n. 12, p. 1061-1064.

Bennett, M. R., and Doyle, P., 1996, Global cooling inferred from dropstones in the Cretaceous: fact or wishful thinking?: Terra Nova, v. 8, p. 182-185.

Benson, R. B. J., Butler, R. J., Lindgren, J., and Smith, A. S., 2010, Mesozoic marine tetrapod diversity: mass extinctions and temporal heterogeneity in geological megabiases affecting vertebrate: Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, v. 277, p. 820-834.

Benton, M. J., 1984, The Late Triassic tetrapod extinction events: In: The Beginning of The Age of Dinosaurs. Faunal change across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, edited by Padian, K., Cambridge University Press, p. 303-320.

Benton, M. J., 1985, Mass extinction among non-marine tetrapods: Natrue, v. 316, p. 811-814.

Benton, M. J., 1987, Mass extinctions among families of non-marine tetrapods: the data: Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, n. 150, p. 21-32.

Benton, M. J., 1990, 2.12.3 Mass Extinction: Events. 2.13.5 End-Triassic: In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, P. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 194-198.

Benton, M. J., 1992, Replacement events among Tetrapods: expansion or Competition?: In: Fifth North American Paleontological Convention , abstracts and program, Field Museum of Natural History, June 28-July 1, 1992, edited by Lidgard, S., and Crane, P. R., The Paleontological Society Special Publication, n. 6, p. 25.

Benton, M. J., 1993, Late Triassic Extinctions and the Origin of the Dinosaurs: Science, v. 260, p. 769-770.

Benton, M. J., 1993, Late Triassic terrestrial vertebrate extinctions: stratigraphic aspects and the record of the Germanic Basin: In: Evolution, ecology and biogeography of the Triassic Reptiles, edited by Mazin, J. M., and Pinna, G., Paleontologia Lombardi, new series, v. 2, p. 19-38.

Benton, M. J., 1994, Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic extinctions among continental tetrapods: testing the patterns: In: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. Edited by Fraser, N. C., and Sues, H.-D., Cambridge University Press, p. 366-397.

Benton, M. J., 1995, Diversification and Extinction in the History of Life: Science, v. 268, p. 52-58.

Benton, M. J., 1997, II. Extinction, Triassic: In: Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, edited by Currie, P. J., and Padian, K., Academic Press, p. 231-236.

Benton, M. J., 1998, Origin, Evolution and Extinction of the Dinosaurs: The Dinosaur Society UK, British Dinosaurs, Their Live and Times. One-day Confrencet to be held on 17th October 1998. School of Earth Sciences and Lapworth Museum, University of birmingham Abstracts, unnumbered.

Benton, M. J., 1999, Early origins of modern birds and mammals: molecules vs. morphology: BioEssays, v. 21, p. 1043-1051.

Benton, M. J., 2001, Major events in early vertebrate evolution: Lethaia, v. 34, p. 286.

Benton, M. J., and Little, C. T. S., 1994, Impact in the Carbbean and death of the dinosaurs: Geology Today, November-December 1994, p. 222-227.

Benton, M. J., Ruta, M., Twitchett, R., Valentin, T., and Surkov, M., 2007, Mass extinction of tetrapods at the Permo-Triassic boundary in Russia: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 27, supplement to n. 3, 67 annual meeting, The Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, p. 47a.

Benton, M. J,. and Twitchett, R. J., 2003, How to kill (almost) all life: the end-Permian extinction event: TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, v. 18, n. 7, p. 358-365.

Benton, M. J., Twitchett, R. J., Kearsey, T., Newell, A. J., Ruta, M., Surkov, M. V., Taylor, G., and Tverdokhlebov, V. P., 2007, Mass extinction of tetrapods at the Permo-Triassic boundary in Russia: 55th Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy and 16th Symposium of Palaeontological preparation and conservation held at the University of Glascow, abstracts and presentations, p. 6-7.

Bernard, E. L., Ruta, M., Tarver, J. E., and Benton, M. J., 2010, The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction: Acta Palaeontological Polonica, v. 55, n. 2, p. 229-239.

Bernardi, M., Petti, F. M., and Benton, M. J., 2018, Tetrapod distribution and temperature rise during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 285, published online, 8pp.

Berry, W. B. N., 1984, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary-the ideal geologic time scale boundary? : Newsletter of Stratigraphy, v. 13, n. 3, p. 143-155.

Berner, R. A., 2002, Examination of hypotheses for the Permo-Triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modeling: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, v. 9, n. 7, p. 4172-4177.

Bevan, A., 1990, What a way to go. Dinosaur extinctions: an imaginary court case with meterorites on trial: Dinonews, Issue 2, p. 5-6.

Bhandari, N., Verma, H. C., Upadhyay, C., Tripathi, A., and Tripathi, R. P., 2002, Global occurrence o fmagnetic and superparamagnetic iron phases in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clays: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 201-211.

Bijoor, N., 2001, More end-Permian impact proof: Geotimes, November 2001, p. 12.

Black, R., 2023, Last days of the dinosaurs. How an asteroid wiped out the ruling species and created a wild new world: Popular Science, Special Edition, p. 76-80.

Black, R., 2023, At about 93 miles (150 M0 wide, the Chicxulub crater seems to be the right size and age to account for the dino die-off: In Dinosaurs, a new look at the Prehistoric icons, Part one, A view of dinosaurs like never before: National Geographic, p.81-83.

Blum, J. D., and Chamberlain, C. P., 1992, Oxygen Isotope Constraints on the Origin of Impact Glasses from the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary: Science, v. 257, p. 1104-1107.

Bohor, B. F., 1984, Analysis of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Clay: Methodology Questioned: Science, v. 223, p. 190-191.

Bohor, B. F., 1994, Stevns Klint revisited: anatomy of a K/T bounary site in Denmark: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 122, (T37), p. A-335.

Bohor, B. F., Foord, E. E., Modreski, P. J., and Triplehorn, D. M., 1984, Mineralogic Evidence for an Impact Event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Bondary: Science, v. 224, p. 867-869.

Bond, P. G., 2016, Mass extinctions: towards an understanding of how, why and when ecosystems collapes: In: The Palaeontological Association, 60th annual meeting, 14th-17th December, Universite Claude Bernadrd Lyon 1, Lyon, France, Programme, Abstracts, and AGM papers, p. 23.

Botha-Brink, J., and Angielczyk, K. D., 2010, Do extraordinarily high growth rates in Permo-Triassic dicynodonts (Therapsida, Anomodontia) explain theic success before and after the end-Permian extinction? Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 160, p. 341-365.

Bottke, W. F., Vokrouhlicky, D., and Nesvorny, D., 2007, An asteroid breakup 160 myr ago as the probable source of the K/T impactor: Nature, v. 449, p. 48-53.

Bralower, T., Eccles, L., Kutz, J., Yancey, T., Schueth, J., Arthur, M., and Bice, D., 2010, Grain size of Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sediments from Chicxulub to the open ocean: implicatiosn for interpretation of the mass extnection event: Geology, v. 38, n, 3, p. 199-202.

Bralower, T. J., Paul, C. K., and Leckie, R. M., 1998, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary cocktail: Chicxulub impact triggers margin collapse and extensive sediment gravity flows: Geology, v. 26, n. 4, p. 331-334.

Brenchley, P. J., 1990 : 2.12.3 Mass Extinction: Events. 2.13.2 End-Ordovician: In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, P. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 181-184.

Brett-Surman, M. K., 1984, Dinosaur extinction. Ms.

Brett-Surman, M. K., 1989, A Revision of the Hadrosauridae (Reptilia: Ornithischia) And Their Evolution During the Campanian and Maastrichtian: Thesis.

Brisman, K. D., Qian, Y., Engel, M. H., and Macko, S. A., 1994, Distibution, stereochemistry and stable isotope composition of Amino Acids across the K/T boundary at Raton Basin, Colorado: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 140, (T19), p. A-363.

Brooks, R. R., Reeves, R. D., Yang, X-H., Ryan, D. E, Holzbercher, J., Collen, J. D., Neall, V. E., and Lee, J., 1984, Elemental Anomalies at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary, Woodside Creek, New Zealand: Science, v. 226, p. 539-542.

Bralower, T. J., Silva, I. P., and Malone, M. J., 2002, New evidence for abrupt climate change in the Cretaceous and Paleogene: an ocean drilling program expedition to Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific: GSA Today, v. 12, n. 11, p. 4-10.

Bramlette, M. N., 1965, Massive Extinctions in Biota at the End of Mesozoic Time: Science, v. 1498, p. 1696-1699.

Brocklehurst, N., 2018, An examination of the impact of Olson's extinction on tetrapods from Texas: PeerJ 6:e4767; DI 10.7717/peerj.4767, 22pp.

Broad, W. J., 1993, Did double whammy do in the dinosaurs?: The San Diego Union-Tribue, Wednesday, January 4, 1995, p. E1, E4.

Brouwers, E. M., Spicer, R. A., and Clemens, W. A., 1988, Reply to Galbreath, G. J., 1988. Arctic Dinosaurs and Terminal Cretaceous Exctinctions: Science, v. 239, p.12.

Brown, R. E., 1981, Asterioid extinction hypothesis (reply to Kent, D. V., and Reid, G. C.): Science, v. 211, p. 654.

Brown, C. M., Campione, N, and Evans, D., 2013, Body size related tophonomic biases in the Latest Maastrichtian: implications for the end-Cretaceous extinction:: In: Program and Abstracts, 73rd Meeting Los Angeles, CA., Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement to online Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 95.

Brusatte, S. L., Butler, R. J., Barrett, P. M., Carrano, M. T., Evans, D. C., Lloyd, G. T., Mannion, P. D., Morell, M. A., Peppe, D. J., Upchurch, P., and Williamson, T. E., 2014, The extinction of the dinosaurs: Biological Reviews, publised on line, 15pp.

Brusatte, S. L., Butler, R. J., Barrett, P. M., Carrano, M. T., Evans, D. C., Lloyd, G. T., Mannion, P. D., Norell, M. A., Peppe, D. J., Upchurch, P. and Williamson, T. E., 2015, The extinction of the dionsaurs: Biological Reviews, v. 90, p. 628-642.

Brusatte, S. L., Williamson, T. E., Heizler, M. T., Peppe, D. J., Secord, R., Davis, A., Fenley, C. W., Flynn, A., Leslie, C., and Shelley, S. L., 2016, The death of dinosaurs and rise of mammals in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico: In: The Palaeontological Association, 60th annual meeting, 14th-17th December, Universite Claude Bernadrd Lyon 1, Lyon, France, Programme, Abstracts, and AGM papers, p. 23-24.

Bryant, L.J., Clemens, W. A., and Hutchison, J. H., 1986, Cretaceous-Tertiary dinosaur extinctions (Comments on Sloan, Rigby, Van Valen and Gabriel 1986): Science, v. 234, p. 1172-1173.

Buffetaut, E., 1984, L'Extinction des Dinosaures : GeoChronique, n. 12, p. 16-19.

Buffetaut, E., 1987, Why the Maastrichtian regression did not cause terminal Cretaceous mass extinctions: Memoris de la Societe Geologique de France, new series, v. 150, p. 75-80.

Buffetaut, E., 1994, Paleoecological implications of Alsakan terrestrial vertebrate fauna in latest Cretaceous time at high paleolatitudes: Comment: Geology, February, p. 191.

Buffetaut, E., 2002, Giant ground birds at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: extinction or survival: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 303-306.

Burghardt, G. M ., Greene, H. W., and Rand, A. S., 1977, Does "Blastocyst Estrogen" Initiate Implantation?: Science, v. 195, p. 687-689.

Busby, C. J., Yip, Grant, Blikra, L. H., and Paul, R., 2001, A pacific margin example of coastal landsliding and catastrophic sedimentation triggered by K/T boldie impact: GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition Abstracts, v. 33, n. 6, p. A-202.

Butler, R. F., Lindsay, E. H., Jacobs, L. L., and Johnson, N. M., 1977, Magnetostratigraphy of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico: Nature, v. 267, p. 318-323.

Button, D. J., Butler, R. J., Lloyd, G. T., and Ezcurra, M. D., 2016, Mass extinctions as drivers of increased faunal cosmopolitanism on the supercontinent Pangea:  In: The Palaeontological Association,, 60th annual meeting, 14th-17th December, Universite Claude Bernadrd Lyon 1, Lyon, France, Programme, Abstracts, and AGM papers, p. 24-25.

Bykowsk, R. J., 2014, Why the Allosaurus went enxinct: an assessment of a Mesozoic “Just-So Story.” In: Meeting Program and Abstracts, 74th Meeting Berling, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 102.

C

Camp, J., 2009, Morphological variation and disparity in Lystrosaurus (Therapsida: Dicynodontia): In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 29, supplement to n. 3, 69th Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and 57th Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy (SPVCA): 74a.

Campbell, C., and Lee, T., 2001, “Tails of hoffmanni”: mosasaur fossils in Tsunami deposit at K/T boundary of southeast Missouri: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 21, supplement to n. 3, abstracts of papers, sixty-first annual meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Museum of the Rockies, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, October 306, p. 37a.

Cannon, L,. 2005, Fireballs and thunderstones: Australian Age of Dinosaurs, n. 3, p. 44-50.

Canudo, J. I., 2004, Los ultimos dinosaurios europeos debates recientes sobre la extincion de los Dinosaurios: Historia Natural, April, 2004, p. 43-51.

Canudo, J. I., and Bescos, G. C., 2004, La extinction de los dinosaurios: lo que pueda aportar el registro paleontologico espanol: Libro Homenaje a Emiliano Aguirre. Museo Arqueológico, p. 119-127.

Canudo, J. I., Oms, O., Vila, B., Galobart, A., Fondevilla, V., Puertolas-Pascual, E., Selles, A. G., Cruzado-Caballero, P., Dinares-Turell, J., Vicens, E., Castanera, D., Company, J., Burrel, L., Estrada, R., Marmi, J., and Blanco, A., 2016, The upper Maastrichtian dinosaur fossil record from the southern Pyrenees and its contribution to the topic of the Cretaceous-Palaeogene mass extinction event: Cretaceous Research, v. 57, p. 540-551.

Canudo, J. I., Pereda Suberbiola, X., and Lopez Martinez, N., 2000, Los dinosaurios del Maastrichtiense superior de Huesca y su importancia en el estudio de la extincion del limite Cretacico-terciaro: Geo-Temas, v. 1, n. 2, p. 339-342.

Capppetta, H., 1987, Extinctions et renouvellements fauniques chez les Selaciens post-jurassiques: In: Extinctions in vertebrate history, Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, n. 150, p. 113-131.

Carey, S., Sigurdsson, H., D’Hondt, S., Smith, S., and Espindolia, J.-M., 1994, Depositonal processes of the K/T boundary impact depoist in Beloc, Haiti: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 114, (T19), p. A-296.

Carpenter, K., 1983, Evidence Suggesting Gradual Extinction of Latest Cretaceous Dinosaurs: Naturwissenschaften, v. 70, p. 611-612.

Carpenter, K., 1988, Dinosaur Bone Beds and Mass Mortality: Implications for the K-T Extinction: The Lunar and Planetary Institute. 1988. Global Castastrophes in Earth History: An interdisciplinary conference on impacts, volcanism and mass mortality. Lunar and Planenteary Institute Contribution v. 673, p. 24-25.

Carpenter, K., and Breithaupt, B. H., 1986, Latest Cretaceous occurrence of nodosaurid ankylosaurs (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) in western North America and the Gradual extinction of the Dinosaurs: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 6, n. 3, p. 251-257.

Carroll, C., 2004, Sniffing for clues to dinosaurs’ demise: National Geographic, v. 206, n. 4, unnumbered page.

Casadevall, A., 2005, Fungal virulence, vertebrate endothermy, and dinosaur extinction: is ther a connecton? Fungal Genetics and Biology, v. 42, p. 98-106.

Cerveny, R., 1998, The Day the Dinosaurs Died: Weahterwise, the magazine about weather. July/August, 1998, v. 51, n. 4, p. 13-19.

Chamberlain jr. , J. A., Terry jr., D. O. Stoffer, P. W., and Becker, M. A., 2001, Paleontology of the K/T boundary interval: Badlands National Park, South Dakota: Proceedings of the 6th fossil resource conference, edited by Santucci, V. L., and McClelland, L., United States Department of the interior, National Park Service, Geological Resource Division, p. 11-22.

Charig, A. J., 1993, Disaster theories of Dinosaur Extinction: In: Modern Geology, Special Issue. Beverly Halstead: His Life and Publications Studies of Palaeozoic Fishes, guest editor, Sargent, W. A. S., v. 18, n. 2, p. 298-318.

Charig, A. J., 1995, Disaster theories of Dinosaur Extinction: In: Vertebrate Fossils and the Evolution of Scientific Concepts. Writings in Tribute to Beverly Halstead, by Some of His Many Friends, edited by Sarjeant, W. A. S., Gorden and Breach publishers, Part IV Dinosaurs: Concepts, Histology and Stratigraphy, Chapter 18, p. 309-328.

Chatterjee, S., 1990, Impact volcanism and Dinosaurs extinction at the K/T Boundary India: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 10, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of papers, Fifieth Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Museum of Natural History, Univeristy of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, p. 17A.

Chatterjee, S., 1995, The KT impact event: new links between the Chiczulub and the Shiva Craters: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontoloy, v. 15, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 1-4, 1995, p. 23a.

Chatterjee, S., 1995, The Last Dinosaurs of India: The Dinosaur Report, Fall 1995, p. 12-17.

Chatterjee, S., 1999, The Shiva crater and the death of the Dinosaurs: The Geological Society of America, 33rd Annual Meeting, South-Central Section, v. 31, n. 1, p. A-5.

Chatterjee, S., 19.. Multiple impacts at the KT boundary and the death of the dinosaurs: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress, Beijing, v. 26, P. 31-54.

Chatterjee, S., and Rudra, K. K., 1996, KT events in India: impact, rifting, volcanism and dinosaur extinction: Proceedings of the Gondwana Dinosaur Symposium, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, v. 39, part 3, p. 489-532.

Cherfas, J., 1985, Extinction and the pattern of evolution: New Scientist, v. 2, p. 48-51.Chiarenza, A. A., Mannion, P. D., Lunt, D. J., Farnsworth A., Jones, L. A., Kelland, S.-J., and Allison, P. A., 2019, Ecological niche modelling does not support climatically-driven dinosaur diversity decilne before the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction: Nature Communications, published online, 14pp.

Chiarenza, A. A., 2021, Combining earth systems and ecological modelling reveals the climatic drivers behind Mesozoic dinosaur distribution and extinction: In: The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 80th Annual Meeting, Virtual 2020, October, 12-16, 2020, Meeting Program and Abstracts, p. 102-103.

Chiarenza, A. A., Farnsworth, A., Mannion, P. D., Lunt, D. J., Valdes, P. J., Morgan, J. V., and Allison, P. A., 2020, Astroid impact, not volcanisum, caused teh end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, latest article, published online, 10pp.

Chubb, T. A., 1989, Dinosaurs victims of Cyanide Poisoning?: EOS, v. 70, n. 40, October 3,

Chui, G., 1990, It may have been meteros that did in dinosaurs: The San Diego Union, Monday, December 10, 1990,

Chure, D. J., and McIntosh, J. S., 1989, A Bibliography of the Dinosauria (Exclusive of the Aves), 1677-1986: Museum of the Western Colorado Paleontological Series #1, 226pp.

Cisowski, S. M., and Fuller, M., 1986, Reply to Argyle E., Cretaceous Extinctions and Wildfires: Science, v. 234, p. 261-262.

Claeys, P., Casier, J.-G., and Margolis, S. V., 1992, Microtektites and Mass Extinctions: Evidence for a Late Devonian Asteroid Impact: Science, v. 257, p. 1102-1104.

Claeys, P., and Goderis, S., 2007, Lethal billards: Nature, v. 449, p. 30-31.

Claeys, P., Kiessling, W., and Alvarez, 2002, Distribution of Chicxulub ejectata the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 55-68.

Clark, D. H., HcCrea, W. H., and Stepenson, F. R., 1977, Frequency of nearby supernovae and climatic and biological catastrophes: Nature, v. 265, p. 318-319.

Clemens, W. A., 1985, Mammalian survival and extinction in the Northern Wesern Interior During the Cretaceous-Tertiary Transition: The Geological Society of America, Abstracts with programs, 1985. 38th Annual Meeting Rocky Mountian Section, p. 212.

Clemens, W. A., 1992, Biogeographic and evolutionary patterns of change in the terrestrial biota across the Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary: In: Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, abstracts and program.,Field Museum of Natural History, June 28-July 1, 1992, edited by Lidgrard, S., and Carane, P. R., The Paleontological Society Special Publication, n. 6, p. 60.

Clemens, W. A., 1995, Vertebrate Paleontology: Geotimes, February 1995, p. 25-26.

Clemens, W. A., and Nelms, L. G., 1993, Reply to: Emiliani, Cesare, 1993. Paleoecological Implications of Alaskan terrestrial vertebrate fauna in latest Cretaceous time at high paleolattudes: Geology, December, p. 1152.

Clemens, W. A., and Nelms, L. G., 1994, Paleoecological implications of Alaskan terrestrial vertebrate fauna in latest Cretaceous time at high paleolatitudes, Reply to Buffetatut: Geology, February, p. 191-192.

Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L., and Butt, D. K., 1976, Thermal Balance in the Tortoise and its relevance to Dinosaur Extinction: British Journal of Herpetogy, v. 5, p. 641-647.

Clos, L. M., 2004, The Cretaceous in North America: Fossil News, Journal of Amateur Paleontology, v. 10, n. 11, p. 4-11, 14-18.

Clube, S. V. M,. 1982, Episodic catastrophism: In: K-Tec II, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 39, p. 136-137.

Colbert, E. H., 1958, Tetrapods extinctions at the End of the Triassic Period: Science, v. 127, p. 1060

Colbert, E. H., 1958, Tetrapod extinctions at the end of the Triassic Period: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, v. 44, p. 973-977.

Colbert, E. H., 1958, Chalk Murals: Curator, n. 4, p. 10-16.

Cole, S. V., 1997, Sudden Impact: Dinosaur Discoveries, Issue 4, p. 4.

Collins, G. S., Patel, N., Davison, T. M., Rae, A. S. P., Morgan, J. V., & Gulick, S. P. S., 2020, A steeply-inclined trajectory for the Chicxulub impact: Nature Communications, published online, 10pp.

Collinson, M. E., 1986, Catastrophic vegetation changes : Nature, v. 324, p. 112.

Couch, M. A., 2020, Extinction rates on non-avian dinosaur species are uncorrelated with the rate of evolutoin of phylogenetically informatie characters: Biology Letters, v. 16: 20200231, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0231, 6pp.

Courtillot, V., and Gaudemer, Y., 1996, Effects of mass extinctions on biodiversity: Nature, v. 381, p. 146-148.

Courtillot, V., Besse, J., Vandamme, D., Montigny, R., Jaeger, J.-J., and Cappetta, H., 1986, Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 80, p. 361-374.

Courtillot, V., Feraud, G., Maluski, H., Vandamme, D., Moreau, M. G., and Besse, J., 1988, Deccan flood basalts and the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 333, p. 843-846.

Cowan, R., 1996, The Day the Dinosaurs Died: Astronomy, v. 24, n. 4, p. 34-41.

Cracraft, J., 2001, Avian evolution, Gondwana biogeography and the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction event: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, v. p. 459-469.

Cribb, A. T., Formoso, K. K., Woolley, C. H,. Beech, J,. Brophy, S., Byrne, P., Cassady, V C., Godbold A. L., Larina, E., Maxeiner, P.-P., Wu, Y.-H., Corsetti, F. A., adn Bottjer, D. J., 2023, Contrasting terrestrial and marine ecospace dynamics after the end-Triassic mass extinction event: Proceedings of the Royal Society B,. 290: 20232232, 12pp.

Culotta, E., 1993, The Dinosaurs’ path to extinction: Earth, v. 2, n. 1, p. 24-29.

Currie, P. J., 2023, Celebrating dinosaurs: thier behavior, evolution, growth, and physiology: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 60, p. 263-293.

Cuthill, J. H, Guttenberg, N., and Budd, G E., 2021, Diversification through the lookg glass: the coninuum of mass radiation and extinction: In: 65th Palaeontological Association Annual Meeting, Abstract volume, p. 30.

Cys, J. M., 1967, The inabilty of Dinosaurs to hibernate as a possible key factor in their extinction: Journal of Paleontology, v. 41, p. 266.

D

Dal Corso, J., Bernardi, M., Sun, Y., Song, H., Seyfullah, L. J., Preto, N., Gianolla, P., Ruffell, A., Kutsatscher, E., Roghi, G., Merico, A., Hohn, S., Schmidt, A. R., Marzoli, A., Newton, R. J., Wignall, P. B., and Benton, M. J., 2020, Extinction and dawn of the modern wold in the Carnian (Late Triassic) Science Advances, 202: 6: eaba0099, 12pp.

Dal, Corso, J., Mills, B. J. W., Chu, D., Newton, R. J., Mather, T. A, Shu, W., Wu, Y., Tong, J. and Wignall, P. B., 2020, Permo-Triassic boundary carbon adn mercury cycling linked to terrestrial ecosystem collapse: Nature Communications, published online, 9pp.

Dal Corso, Song, H., Callegaro, S., Chu, D., Sun, Y., Hilton, J,. Grasby, S. E., Joachimski, M M., and Wignall, P. B., 2022, Environmental crises at the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: Nature Reiews, Earth & Environment, published online, 18pp.

Dalton, R., 2007, Time Traps: Nature, v. 449, p. 20-21.

da Silva, A.-C., Sinnesael, M., Claeys, P,. Davies, J. H. F. L., de Winter, N. J., Percival, L. M. E., Schalteger, U., and Vleeschouwer, D. de, 2020, Anchoring the Late Devonian mass extinctin in absolute time by integrating climate conrols and radio-isotopic dating: Scienfic Reports, published online, 25pp.

Dauphin, Y., 1990, Microstructures et composition chimique des coquilles d'oeufs d'oiseaux et de Reptiles: Palaeontographica Abt. A, v. 214, Lfg, 1-2, p. 1-12.

Davis, D., 2005, Terrestrial or extraterrestrial? Australian Age of Dinosaurs, n. 3, p. 54-56, 58-61, 63-65.

Davis, M., Hut, P., and Muller, R. A., 1984, Extinction of species by periodic comet showers: Nature, v. 308, p. 715-717.

Day, M. O., and Rubidge, B. S., 2021, The Late Capitanian Mass extinction of terrestrial vertebrates in the Karoo Basin of South Africa: Frontiers in Earth Science, published online, 15pp.

ebus, A. A., 2005, Decade of the Dinosaur! Fossil News, Jounral of Avocational Paleontology, v. 11, n. 5, p. 4-11, 14-16.

Demar, R., 1973, The extinction of Dinosaurs: Geological Society of America, Abstract, v. 5, n. 7, p. 596.

Demar, D,. and Wilson, G., 2013, Squamata turnovr in the 2 million years leading up to and across the K-PG boundary in northeastern Montana: evidence for a complex extinction sereno: In: Program and Abstracts, 73rd Meeting Los Angeles, CA., Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement to online Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 114.

Deenen, M. H. L., Ruhl, M., Bonis, N. R., Krigsman, W., Kuerschner, W. M. Reitsma, M., and Bergen, M. J. van, 2010, A new chronology for the end-Triassic mass extinction: Earth and Palentary Sciences Letters, v. 291, p. 113-125.

DePalma, R. A., Oleinik, A. A., Gurche, L. P., Burnham, D. A., Klingler, J J., McKinney, C J., Cichocki, F. P., Larson, P. L., Egerton, V. M,. Wogelius, R. A., Edwards, N. P., Bergmann, W., and Manning, P. L., 2021, Seasonal calibration of the end-cretaceous Chicxulub impact event: Sceintific Reports, published online, 9pp.

D’Hondt, S., King, J., and Herbert, T. D., 1994, Planktic formaminifera na dAsteroids: death and recovery at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 145, (T37), p. A-394.

Diamond, J. M., 1983, Extinctions, catastraphic and gradual: Nature, v. 304, p. 396-397.

Diaz-Martinez, E., Sanz-Rubio, E., and Martinez-Frias, J., 2002, Sedimentary record of impact events in Spain: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 551-562.

Dietz, D. S., 1991, Demise of the Dinosaurs-A Mystery Solved?: Astronomy, v. 19, n. 7, p.30-37.

Difley, R. L., and Ekdale, A. A., 2002, Footprints of Utah’s last dinosaurs: track beds in the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) North Horn Formation of the Wasatch Plateau, Central Utah: Palaios, v. 17, p. 327-346.

Difley, R. L., and Ekdale, A. A., 2002, Faunal implications of an environmental change before the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) transition in central Utah: Cretaceous Research, v. 23, n. 315-331.

Dingus, L., 1984, Effects of stratigraphic coompleteness on interpretatios of extinction rates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Paleobiology, v. 10, n. 4, p. 420-438.

Dobb, E., 2002, What wiped out the dinosaurs? Discover, v. 23, n. 6, p. 36-43.

Dodson, P., 1994, What the Fossil Record of Dinosaurs Tells Us: In: Dino Fest, edited by Rosenberg, G. D., and Wolberg, D. L., The Paleontological Society Special Publication Number 7, 1994, series editor, Spencer R. S., p. 21-37.

Dodson, P., and Tatarinov, L. P., 1990, Dinosaur Paleobiology. Part III. Dinosaur extinction: In: Dinosauria, edited by Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., and Osmolska, H., California Univeristy Press, p. 55-62.

Dodson, P., and Tatarinov, L. P., 1992, Dinosaur Paleobiology. Part III. Dinosaur extinction: In: Dinosauria, edited by Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., and Osmolska, H., second printing, California Univeristy Press, p. 55-62.

Donnan, K., 1994, Batter Up!: Lapidary Journal, v. 48, n. 5, p. 58-60, 62, 122-124.

Donovan, S. K., 2000, Fossils explained 29: Processes adn patterns of mass extinction : Geology Today, May-June, p. 116-120.

Donze, P., and Meon, H., 1997, Les extinctions a la limite Cretace-Tertiaire: disparite entre le domaine marin et le domaine continental revelee par la coupe stratotypique du Kef (nord-ouest de la Tunisie): Compte rendu hebdomadaire des seances de l’Academie des Sciences Paris, Earth and Plantary Sciences, v. 325, p. 961-966.

Dressler, B. O., and Reimold, W. U., 2001, Terrestrial impact melt rocks and glasses: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 56, p. 205-284.

Dunhill, A. M., Foster, W. J., Azaele, S., Sciberras, J., and Twitchett, R. J., 2018, Modelling determinants of extinction across two Mesozoic hyperthermal events: Proceedings of the Royal Society, series B, v. 295, 8pp.

During, M. A D., Smit, J., Voeten, D. F. A. E., Berruyer, C., Tafforeau, P., Sanchez, S., Stein, K. H. W., Verdegaal-Warmerdam & van der Lubbe, J. H. J. L., 2022, The Mesozic terminated in boreal spring: Nature, publisehd online, 4pp.

E

Eaton, J. G., Kirkland, J. I., Hutchison, J. H., Denton, R., O’Neill, R. C., and Parrish, J. M., 1997, Nonmarine extinction across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, southwestern Utah, with a comparison to the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event: Geological Society of American, Bulletin, v. 109, n. 5, p. 560-567.

Eaton, T. H. jr., 1963, Caterpillar versus Dinosaur?: Journal of Reserach on the Lepidopteria, v. 1, n. 2, p. 114-116.

Ekdale, A. A., and Stinnesbeck, W., 1998, Trace Fossils in Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) Boundary Beds in Northeastern Mexico: Impications for Sedimentation during the KT Boundary Event: Palaios, v. 13, p. 593-602.

Elliot, D. H., Askin, R. A., Kyte, F. T., and Zinsmeister, W. J., 1994, Iridium and dinocysts at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary on Seymour Island, Antarctica: Implications for the K-T Event: Geology, v. 22, p. 675-678.

Elst, D. W., 2002, On the completeness of the discovery rate of the potentially hazardous asteroids In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 645-650.

Emiliani, C., 1980, Death and Renovation at the End of the Mesozoic: EOS, v. 61, n. 26, p. 505-506.

Emiliani, C., 1993, Paleoecological Implications of Alaskan terrestrial vertebrate fauna in latest Cretaceous time at high paleolattudes: Comment: Geology, December, p. 1151-1152.

Emiliani, C., Kraus, E. B., and Shoemaker, E. M., 1981, Sudden death at the end of the Mesozoic: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 55, p. 317-334.

Erlykin, A. D., Harper, D. A. T., Sloan, T., and Wolfendal, A. W., 2017, Mass extinctions over the last 500 MYR: an astronomical cause? Palaeontology, rapid communication, v. 60, part 2, p. 159-167.

Erwin, D. H., 1990, 2.12.3 Mass Extinction: Events. 2.13.4 End-Permian: In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, P. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 187-194.

Erwin, D. E., 1996, The Mother of Mass Extinctions: Scientific American, v. 275, n. 1, p. 72-78.

Erwin, D. E., 2002, Constraints on causes of the end-Permian mass extinction: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 22, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Sixty-second annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman Oklahoma, October 9-12, p. 51a.

Erwin, D. E., Bowring, S. A., and Yugan, J., 2002, End-Permian mass extinctions: a review: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 363-383.

Espindola, J. M., Carey, S., and Sigurdsson, H., 1994, Modelling of the Volume and distribution of ejeta from the K/T impact event: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 122, (T37), p. A-334.

F

Fabricio, M., A., Lima Pinheiro, F., Dutra, Paes-Neto, V., Rodrigues Simoes, T,. and Pierce, S. E., 2022, Understanding the Permo-Triassic mass extinction through thetrapod fossils from southern Brazil: In: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 82nd Annual Meeting, SVP 2022 Program Guide, p. 135-136.

Fang, X., Lu, L., Jiang, Y., and Yang, L., 2003, Cretaceous fossil eggs from the Tiantai basin of Zhejiang, with a discussion on the extinction of dinosaurs: Geological Bulletin of China, v. 22, n. 7, p. 512-520.

Fara, E., 2000, Diversity of Callovian-Ypresian (Middle Jurassic- Eocene) tetrapod families and selectivity of extinctions at the K/T boundary: Geobios, v. 33, n. 3, p. 387-396.

Fastovsky, D. E., and Dott, R. H. jr., 1986, Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and extinctions during the Cretaceous-paleogene trasition at Bug Creek, Montana: Geology, v. 14, p. 279-282.

Fastovsky, D. E., 2005, Where dinosaurs the victims of a single catastrophe? Yes, an asteroid did the deed: Natural History, v. 114, n. 4, p. 52-53.

Fastovsky, D. E., 2005, The North American dinosaur extinction: In: North American Paleontology Convention, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Dinosaurs to Dinoflagellates, Programme and Abstracts, PaleoBios, v. 25, supplement to n. 2, p. 42-43.

Fastovsky, D. E., and Sheehan, P. M., 1997, Demythicizing Dinosaur extinctions at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary: In: Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium sponsered by Arizona State University, a publication of The Academy of Natural Sciences, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Stump, E., and Rosenberg, F. G., p. 527-531.

Fastovsky, D. E., and Sheehan, P. M., 2005, The extinction of the dinosaurs in North America: GSA Today, v. 15, n. 3, p. 4-10.

Fassett, J. E., 1976, What happened During Late Cretaceous Time in the Raton and San Juan Basins-With some thoughts about the area in between: New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 27th Field Conference, Vermejo Park, 1976, p. 185-190.

Fassett, J. E., 1979, Comment on: "Biostratigrpahy and magnetostratigrpay of Paleocene terrestial deposits, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: Geology, v. 7, n. 2, p. 69-70.

Fassett, J. E., Zielinski, R. A., and Budahn, J. R., 2002, Dinosaurs that did not die: evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 307-336.

Feldman, P., 1976, Astronimical evidence bearing on teh supernova hypothesis for the mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 125-136..

Feldmann, R. M., 1994, The Search for an Extinction Event: In: Dino Fest, edited by Rosenberg, G. D., and Wolberg, D. L., The Paleontological Society Special Publication n. 7, 1994, series editor Spencer R. S., p. 467-486.

Fields, S., 1994, Dino Deaths: Manson impact didn’t do it: Earth, v. 3, n. 3, p. 14.

Fischer, J.-C., 2010, Reconsidering the extinction of ichthyosaurs: In: 70th anniversary meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts, p. 89a.

Fischer, V., 2013, The extinction of Ichthyosaurs is a facet of a major Cenomanian turnover in marine ecosystems: In: Program and Abstracts, 73rd Meeting Los Angeles, CA., Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement to online Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 127.

Fischer, V., Bardet, N, Benson, R. B. J., Arkhangelsky, M. S., and Friedman, M., 2016, Extinction of fish-shpaed marine reptiles asociated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility: Nature Communications; published online, 11pp.

Flanders, S. E., 1962, Did the caterpillar exterminate the giant reptile? Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, v. 1, n. 1, p. 85-88.

Flessa, K. W., 1983, Extinction is here to stay. Current Happenings: Paleobiology, v. 9, n. 4, p. 315-321.

Foerster, T. V., 1982, Dinosaur extinction due to asteroid?: Physics Today, May 1982, p. 19-21.

Foster, J. H., 1976, The geomagnetic field and the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 63-74.

Fox, C. P., Whiteside, J. H., Olsen, P. E., Cui, X., Summons, R. E., Idiz, E., and Grice, K., 2022, Two-pronged kill mechanism at the end-Triassic mass exinction: Geology, published online, 6pp.

Frank, T. D., Fielding, C. R., Winguth, A. M. E., Tevyaw, A., Winguth, C,. McLoughlin, S., Vajda, V., Mayas, C., Nicoll, R., Bocking, M,. and Crowley, J. L., 2021, Pace, magnitude, and nature of terrestrial climate change thorught the end-Permian extinction in southeastern Gondwana: Geology, published online, 7pp.

Fraser, D. R., 2019, Why did the dinosaurs become extinct? Could cholecalcifrol (Vidamin D3) deficiency be the answer? Journal of Nutritional Science, v. 8, e9, 5pp.

Fröbisch, N., Fröbisch, J., Klein, N., and Sander, M., 2009, A large predatory ichthyosaur from teh Ansian of Nevada and the diversification of Ichthyosauria after the end-Permian Extinction: In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 29, supplement to n. 3, 69th Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and 57th Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy (SPVCA): 100a.

Frajales-Nishimura, J. M., Murillo-Muneton, G., Cedillo-Pardok E., Garcia-Hernandez, J., Moran-Zenteno, D. J,. Alvarez, W., and Clayes, P., 2001, Sediment dispersal along the western margin of the Yucatan Platform during the K/T boundary Chiczulub event: GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition Abstracts, v. 33, n. 6, p. A-202.

Fraser, N. C., and Sues, H.-D., 1994, Comments on Benton’s “Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic extinctions among continental tetrapods”: In: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, edited by Fraser N. C., and Sues, H.-D., Cambridge University Press, p. 389-400.

Frederick, M. J., and Gallup Jr., G. G., 2018, The demise of dinosaurs and learned taste aversions: The biotic revenge hypothesis: Ideas in Ecology and Evolution, v. 10, p. 47-54.

Fremlin, J., 1979, Dinosaur death: the unconscious factor: New Scientist, v. 81, n. 1139, p. 250-251.

Freeman, E. F., 1977, Triassic extinction or Jurassic vacum?: Nature, v. 266, p. 305.

Fröbisch, J., Angiekczyk, K. D., and Sidor, C. A., 2010, Komibuisia (Synapsida, Dicynodontia) from the Triassic of Antarctica, a refuge from the terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinction: In: 70th anniversary meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts, p. 93a.

G

Galbreath, G. J., 1988, Arctic Dinosaurs and Terminal Cretaceous Exctinctions: Science, v. 239, p. 10.

Galbrun, B., 1997, Did the European dinosaurs disappear before the K-T event? Magnetostratigraphic evidence: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 148, p. 569-579.

Galeotti, S., Brinkhuis, H., and Huber, M., 2004, Records of post-Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary millennial-scale cooling from western Tethys: a smoking gun for the impact-winter hypothesis? Geology, v. 32, n. 6, p. 529-532.

Gallagher, W. B., 2002, Faunal changes across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary in the Atlantic coastal plain of New Jersey: restructuring the marine community after the K-T mass-extinction event: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 291-301.

Ganapathy, R., 1980, A Major Meteorite Impact on the Earth 65 Million Years Ago: Evidence from the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Clay: Science, v. 209, p. 921-923.

Ganapathy, R., Gartner, R., and Jiang, M-J., 1981, Iridium anomaly at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Texas: Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters, v. 54, p. 393-396.

Gardner, A. F., and Gilmour, I., 2002, Organic geochemical investigation of terrestrial Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sucessions from Brownie Butte, Montana, and the Raton Basin, New Mexico: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 351-362.

Garmon, L., 1980, The Empyrean Strikes Back: Science News, v. 117, n. 24, p. 231.

Gastaldo, R. A., Kamo, S. L., Neveling, J,. Geissman, J. W., Bamford, M,. and Looy, C. V., 2015, Is the Vertebrate-defined Permian-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin, south Africa, the terrestrial expression of the end-Permian marine event? Geology, published online, 4pp.

Gastaldo, R. A., Kamo, S. L., Neveling, J,. Geissman, J. W., Looy, C. V., and Martini, A. M., 2020, The base of the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, predates the end-Permian marine extinction: Nature Communications, published online, 8pp.

Gastaldo, R. A., Neveling, J., Geissman, J. W., Kamo, S. L., and Looy, C. V., 2021, A tale of two Tweefonteins: what physical correlation, geochronology, magnetic polarity stratigraphy, adn palynology reveal abou the end-Permian terrestrial extinction paradigm in South Africa: The Geological Society of America, published online, 31pp.

Geaty, W., 2022, The complex history of extinction and origination selectivity in crocodylomorpha: In: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 82nd Annual Meeting, SVP 2022 Program Guide, p. 152-153.

Geist, N. R., Jones, T. D., and Ruben, J. A., 2005, Evolution of the hard-shelled egg: clues to Mesozoic dominance and eventual demise of the archosaurs: In: II Congresso Latino-Americano de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Rio De Janeiro Museu Nacional, edited by Kellner, A. W. A., Henriques, D. D. R., and Rodrigues, T., Boletim de Resumos, p. 123-124.

Gerasimov, M. V., 2002, Toxins produced by meteorite impacts and their possible role in a biotic Mass Extinction: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 705-716.

Ghevariya, Z. G., and Srikarni, C., 1990, Anjar Formation, its fossils and their bearing on the extinction of Dinosaurs: Contirb. Sem.cum Wrkshp. IGCP 216 and 245, Chadigarth, 1990, p. 106-109.

Gilinksy, N. L., 1986, Reply to Sepkoski and Raup, 1986: Nature, v. 321, p. 533-534.

Gilmore, J. S., Knight, J. D., Orth, C. O., Pillmore, C. L., and Tschudy, R. H., 1984, Trace element patterns at a non-marine Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 307, p. 224-228.

Ginsburg, L., 1964, Les regressions marines et le probleme du renouvellement des faunes au cours des temps geolgoques: Bulletin de la societie geologiques de France, v. 7, n. 6, p. 13-22.

Ginsburg, L., 1984, Theories scientifiques et extinctiondes Dinosaures: Compte rendu hebdomadaire des seances de l’Academie des Sciences Paris, tomo 298, serie 2, p. 317-320.

Ginsburg, L., 1985, Regressions Marines et Extinction des Dinosaures: In: Les Dinosaures de la Chine a la France, Museum D’histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, France, Colloque International de Paleontologie, Toulouse-France, 2-6 Septembre, 1985, p. 141-149.

Glen, W., 1989, The Growing Mass Extinction Controversies: Impacts? Volcanisms? Periodicity?: Palaios, p. 497-500.

Glen, W., 1990, What Killed the Dinosaurs?: American Scientist, v. 78, p. 354-370.

Gilkson, A., 2003, Comment on “Extraterrestrial influences on mantle plume activity” by D. H. Abbott and A. E. Isley [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 205 (2002) 53-62: Earth and Planetry Science Letters, v. 215, p. 425-427.

Goderis, S., Sato, H., Ferriere L., Schmitz, B., Burney, D., Kaskes, P., Vellekoop, J., Wittmann, A., Schulz, T., Chernonozhkin, S. M,. Claeys, P., de Graaff, S J., Dehais, T., de Winter, N. J., Elfman, M., Feignon, J.-G., Ishikawa, A., koeberl, C., Kristiansson, P., Neal, C. R,. OWens, J D, Schmieder, M., Sinnesael, M., Vanhaecke, F,. Van Malderern, S. J. M., Bralower, T. J., Guilick, S. P. S. Kring, D. A., Lowery, C. M,. Morgan, J. V., Smit, J., Whalen, M. T., IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 Scientists, 2021, Globally distributed iridium layer preserved within the Chicxulub impact structure: Science Advances, Research Article, 7; eabe3647, 13pp.

Goldin, T. J., and Melosh, H. J., 2009, Self-shielding of thermal radiation by Chicxulub impact ejecta: Firestorm or Fizzle?, Geology, v. 37, n. 12, p. 1135-1138.

Gong, Y., Xu, R., and Hu, Bi, 2008, Endolithic fungi: a possible killer for the mass extinction of Cretaceous dinosaurs: Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, v. 51, n. 6, p. 801-807.

Gould, S. J., 1980, The Belt of an Asteroid: Natural History, v. 89, n. 6, p. 26, 30-33.

Gould, S. J., 1984, The Cosmic Dance of Siva: Natural History, v. 93, n. 8, p. 14, 16-19.

Gould, S. J., 1989, An Asteroid to Die For: Discover, v. 10, n. 10, p. 60-65.

Graham, D., 1989, Scripps scientist say dust killed dinosaurs. Extraterrestrial collisioin clouded air, changing Earth’s climate, report states: The San Diego Union, Thrusday, June 8, 1989, p. A2.

Graham, D., 1988, Study infers meterorite led to dinosaur’s demise: The San Diego Union-Tribune, Firday, October 30, 1988, p. B-1, B-5.

Grandpre, R., Fastovsky, D., Sheehan, P., and Isbell, J., 2008, What if the effects of a mass extinctions are so pervasive that they can be recognized in the depositional environments:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 28, supplement to no. 3, Program and Abstracts, 68th Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Case Western Reserve University, Renaissance Cleveland Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio USA, October 15-18, p. 86a.

Grasby, S. E., Sanei, H, and Beauchamp, B., 2011, Catastrophic dispersion of coal fly ash into oceans during the latest Permina Extinction: Nature Geoscience, published online, 4pp.

Greenberg, J., 1983, Dinosaurs: Overdosed into Oblivion?: Science News, v. 124, p. 300.

Greshko, M., 2023, Deccan the saver, not Deccan teh Destroyer - or how volcanic burps may have helped make Earth habitable again after the astroid: Deavastating details: In Dinosaurs, a new look at the Prehistoric icons, Part one, A view of dinosaurs like never before: National Geographic, p. 85-87.

Grunert, H. R., Brocklehurst, N., and Fröbisch, J., 2019, Diversity and disparity of therocephalia: Macroevolutionary patterns through two mass extinctions: Scientific Reports, published online, 11pp.

Gruska, P., 2021, Global scale marine diversity dynamics through the Early Cretaceous and teh magnitude of the Aptian extinction event: Progpal UCL, Progressive Palaeontology 2021, Abstract Booklet, p. 48-49.

H

Hallam, A., 1984, Pre-Quaternary Sea-Level Changes: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 12, p. 205-243.

Hallam, A., 1989, The case for sea-level change as a dominant causal factor in mass extinction of marine invertebrates: In: Evolution and extinction, edited by Chaloner, W. G., and Hallam, A., Philosphical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B., p. 437-455.

Hallam, A., 1990, 2.12 Mass Extinction: Process. 2.12.1 Earth-bound Causes: In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, B. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 160-164.

Hallam, A., 2002, How catastrophic was the end-Triassic mass extinction? Lethia, v. 35, p. 147-157.

Halliday, I., 1982, Looking back on the Tunguska event: In: K-Tec II, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 39, p. 139-139.

Halstead, L. H., 1980, The beginnings and the ends of the dinosaurs: Norhtampton Natural History Society and Field Club, v. 37, n. 262, p. 221-224.

Halstead, L. B., 1987, Agnathan extinctions in the Devonian: In: Extinctions in vertebrate history, Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, n. 150, p. 7-11.

Halstead, L. B., 1990, 2.12.3 Mass Extinction: Events. 2.13.7 Cretaceous-Tertiary (Terrestial): In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, B. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 203-206.

Hancox, P. J., Brandt, D., Reimold, W. U., Koeberl, C., and Neveling, J., 2002, Permian-Triassic boundary in the northwest Karoo basin: current stratigraphic placement, implications for basin development models, and the search for evidence of impact: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 429-444.

Hansen, H. J., Liu, Q., Rasmussen, K. L., and Gwozdz, R., 1994, The Cretaceous-Tertiary Transition South China: Historical Biology, v. 7, p. 251-263.

Harries, P. J., 1992, Similarites and contrasts between the patterns of survival and recovery following the Cenomanian-Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) and the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinctions: In: Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, Abstracts and Program, Field Museum of Natural History, June 28-July 1, 1992, edited by Lidgard, S., and Crane, P. R., The Paleontological Society Special Publication, n. 6, p. 121.

Harries, P. J., Johnson, K. R., Cobban, W. A., and Nichols, D. J, 2002, Marine Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary section in southwestern South Dakota: comment: Geology, p. 954-955.

Harries, P. J., and Kauffman, E. G., 1994, Survival and recovery from Mass extinction: models and Cretaceous tests: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session n. 140, (T19), p. A-363.

Hartman, J. H., 1996, Extinction of sculptured nonmarien bivalves about the Cretaceous-Tertary Boundary: Dinofest International Symposium, programs and abstracts, edited by Wolberg, D. L., and Stump, E., Arizona State University, p. 58.

Hartman, J. H., Lovelace, D. M, and Linzmeier, B., 2023, Code case #201MA: Late Triassic transient cold phase explains terrestrial taxonomic selectiviy during the end Triassic extinction: In: 83rd Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Program Guide, p. 204.

Harvey, M. C., Brassell, S. C., Belcher, C. M., and Montanari, A., 2008, Combustion of fossil organic matter at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-P) boundary: Geology, v. 36, n. 5, p. 355-358.

Hassanzadeh, J., Malchow, R., and Hassanipak, A. A., 2001, Sedimentology and geochemistry of P-T boundary strata in Abadeh section, Iran: Implications for the boundary extinction: GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition Abstracts, v. 33, n. 6, p. A-201.

Hayes, R., Puggioni G., Bednarick, A., and Fastovsky, D. E., 2018, Quantitative analysis of the Admanian-Revueltian terrestrial vertebrate exthinction and replacement; Late Triassic, Petrified Forest National Park, AZ, U.S.A.: In: 78th Annual Meeting, Meeting Program and Abstracts, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 143.

Hays, J. D., and Pitman, W. C. III, 1973, Lithospheric Plate Motion, Sea Level Changes and Climatic and Ecological Consequences: Nature, v. 246, p. 18-22.

He, T., dal Corso, J,. Newton, R. J., Wignall, P. B., Mills, B. J. W., Todaro, S., di Stefano, P., Turner, E. C. Jamieson, R. A., Randazzo, V., Rigo, M., Jones, R. E., and Dunhill, A. M., 2020, An enormous sulfur isotope excursion indicates marine anoxia during the end-Tirassic mass extinction: Science Advances, Resarh Article, 6 ;eabb6704, 8pp.

Heckert, A. B., and Lucas, S. G., 2005, The Triassic-Jurassic non-event: patterns and process of tetrapod extinction across the TR/J boundary: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 25, supplement to n. 3, abstracts of papers, sixty-fifth annual meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Mesa Southwest Museum and Phoenix Marriott Mesa, Mesa, Arizona, October 19-22, 2005, p. 68a.

Heckert, A. B., Lucas, S. G., and Hunt, A. P., 2002, Orign and early evolution of dinosaurs: new ecosystems, not the same old ‘extinctions’: Annual meeting & exposition, Denver, 2002, p. 360.

Henderson, C. M., 2002, Earth’s greatest extinction: The Permian-Triassic interval or event? In: Alberta Palaeontological Society, sixth annual symposium, “Fossils 2002’, presented by Alberta Paleontological Society, in conjunction with Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Paleontological Division and Department of Earth Sciences, Mount Royal College, p. 23-25.

Henderson, D., 2002, Wandering into asteroids: DinoPress, v. 6, p. 14-23.

Henderson, S., and Giles, S., 2021, Morphological diversity in an Actinopterygina fish following the end-Devonian mass extinction: In: The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 80th Annual Meeting, Virtual 2020, October, 12-16, 2020, Meeting Program and Abstracts, p. 170-171.

Henehan, M. J., Ridgwell, A., Thomas, E., Zhang, S., Alegret, L. Schmidt, D. N., Rae, J. W. B., Witts, J. D., Landman, N. H., Greene, S. E., Huber, B. T., Super, J. R., Planavsky, N. J., and Hull, P. M., 2019, Rapid ocean acidification adn protracted Earth system recoery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact: Proceendings of the National Academy of Science, Latest ARticle, published on-line, 5pp.

Hengst, R. A., Rigby, J. K. jr., Landis, G. P., and Sloan, R. E., 1994, Biological consequences of Mesozoic Atmospheric gases: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session n. 114, (T19), p. A-297.

Herman, Y., 1981, Causes of massive biotic extinctions and expjlosive evolutionary diversification throught Phaneroxic time: Geology, v. 9, p. 104-108.

Hermann, E., Hochuli, P. A., Bucher, H., Bruhwiler, T., Hautmann, M., Ware, D., and Roohi, G., 2011, Terrestrial ecosystems on North Gondwana following the end-Permian mass extinction: Gondwana Research, v. 20, p. 630-637.

Hesselbol, S. P., Robinson, S. A., Surlyk, F., and Piasecki, S., 2001, Terrestrial and marine mass extinction at the Triassic/ Jurassic boundary synchronized with initiation of massive volcanism: In: Palaeontological Association 45th annual meeting, Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen, 15th-19th, December, 2001, p. 15-16.

Hesselbol, S. P., Robinson, S. A., Surlyk, F., and Piasecki, S., 2002, Terrestrial and marine extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary synchronized with major carbon-cycle pertubation: a link to initiation of massive volcanism? Geology, v. 30, n. 3, p. 251-254.

Heydari, E., and Hassanzadeh, J., 2003, Deev Jahi model of the Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction: a case for gas hydrates as the main cause of biological crisis on Earth: Sedimentary Geology, v. 163, p. 147-163.

Heydari, E., Hassanzadeh, J,. and Ghazi, A. M., 2001, Solar winds as a possible cause o fthe Permian-Triassic boundary extinction: GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition Abstracts, v. 33, n. 6, p. A-201.

Hickey, L. J., 1981, Land plant evidence compatible with gradual, not catastrphic, change at the end of the Cretaceous: Nature, v. 292, p. 529-531.

Higgins, P., 1998, North American Land Mammal “Ages” and Cretaceous Mammalian biostratigaphy. Tate Geological Museum, Casper College, Casper Wyoming: Tate ’98. Life in the Cretaceous, p. 81-90.

Hildebrand, A. R., and Boynton, W. V., 1991, Cretaceous Ground Zero: Natural History, June, 1991, p. 46-53.

Hildebrand, A. R., Penfield, G. T., Kring, D. A., Pilkington, M., Camargo, C. Z., Jacobsen, S. B., and Bonynton, W. V., 1991, Chicxulub Crater: A possible Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact crater on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: Geology, v. 19, p. 867-871.

Hills, J. G., 1984, Dynamical constriants on the mass and perihelion distance of Nemesis and the stability of its orbit: Nature, v. 311, p. 636-368.

Hirsch, K. F., 1989, A look at pathological amniote eggshell-fossil and modern: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 9, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of papers, Forty-ninth Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, The University of Texas, Austin Texas, November 2-4, p. 26A.

Hoffman, A., 1985, Patterns of family extinction depend on definition and geological timescale: Nature, v. 315, p. 659-662.

Hoffman, A., 1985, Periodicity of Extinctions: Science, v. 230, p. 8.

Hoffman, A., 1986, Response to Sepkoski & Raup, 1986, Gilinisky 1986, and Kitchell & Estabrook, 1986: Nature, v. 321, p. 535-536.

Hoffman, A., 1989, Mass extinctions: the view of a sceptic: Journal of the Geological Socitey, London, v. 146, p. 21-35.

Hoganson, J. W., Erickson, J. M., Cvancara, A. M., and Holland, F. D. jr., 1997, Terminal Cretaceous extinction event documented by marine cartilaginous fishes from the Fox Hills (Maastrichtian) an Cannoball (Danian/Thaetian) formations, North Dakota: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 17, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Fifty-seventh Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, October 8-11, p. 53a.

Holroyd, P. A,. Finnegan, S., and Clemens, W. A., 2018, Extinction sleectivity across the K/PG boundary in the continental vertebrate biota: In: 78th Annual Meeting, Meeting Program and Abstracts, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 149.

Holtz, T. R. Jr., 1992, Endemicity analysis of global Cretaceous Dinosaurian Faunas: In: Fifth North American Paleontological Convention - Abstracts and Program - Field Museum of Natural History, June 28-July 1, 1992, edited by Lidgard, S., and Crane, P. R., The Paleontological Society Special Publication, n. 6, p. 132.

Horner, J. R., 1996, Dinosaurs, taxonomy, and historical thoughts about extinction and evolution: In: Dinofest International Symposium, programs and abstracts, edited by Wolberg, D. L., and Stump, E., Arizona State University, p. 63.

Hotton,m C. L., 2002, Palynology of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in central Montona: evidence for extraterrestrial impact as a cause of the terminal Cretaceous extinctions: In: The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains: An integrated Continental Record of the end of the Cretaceous, edited by Hartman, J. H., Johnson, K. R., and Nichols, D. J., Geological Society of America, Special Paper 361, p. 473-501.

Hsü, K. J., 1980, Terresterial catastrophe caused by cometary impact at the end of Cretaceous: Nature, v. 285, p. 201-203.

Hsü, K. J., 1982, Comment and Reply on 'Impacts and evolution conference': Geology, October, p. 557-558.

Hsü, K. J., 1982, Evolutionary and enviromental consequences of a terminal Cretaceous event: In: K-Tec II, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 39, p. 140-142.

Hsu, K. J., He, Q., McKenzie, J. A., Weissert, H., Perch-Nielsen, K., Oberhansli, H., Kelts, K., LaBrecque, J., Tauxe, L., Krahenbuhl, U., Percival, S. F. jr, Weright, R., Karpoff, A. M., Petersen, N., Tucker, P., Poore, R. Z., Gombos, A. M., Pisciotto, K., Carman, M. F. jr., and Schreiber, E., 1982, Mass Mortality and Its Environomental and Evolutionary Consequences: Science, v. 216, p. 249-256.

Hu, S.-X., Zhang, Q.-Y., Chen, X.-Q., Zhou, C.-Y., Lu, T., Xie, T., Wen, W. Huang, J.-Y., and Benton, M. J., 2010, The Luoping biota: exceptional preservation, and new evidence on the Triassic recovery from end-Permian mass extinction: Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, Published online, 9pp.

Hu, S.-X., Zhang, Q.-Y., Chen, X.-Q., Zhou, C.-Y., Lu, T., Xie, T., Wen, W., Huang, J.-Y., and Benton, M. J., 2011, The Luoping biota: exeptional preservation, and new evidence on the Tirassic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction: Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B., n. 278, p. 2274-2282.

Huang, Y., Chen, Z.-O., Roopnarine, P. D., Benton, M. J., Yang, W., Liu, J., Zhao, L., Li, Z., and Guo, Z., 2021, Ecological dynamics of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems across three mid-Phanerozoic mass extinctions from northwest China: Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B., v. 288: 20210148, 10pp.

Huang, Y., Chen, Z.-Q., Roopnarine, P. D., Benton, M. J., Zhao, L., Feng, X., and Li, Z., 2023, The stability and collapse of marine ecosystems during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: Current Biology, v. 33, 12pp.Hudgins, M. N., Uhne, M. D., and Hinov, L. N., 2018, The evolution of respiratory systems in theropoda and paracrocodylomorph and the end-Triassic Extinction: In: 78th Annual Meeting, Meeting Program and Abstracts, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 152.

Hudson, J. D., and MacLeod, N., 1998, Dicussion on the Cretaceous-Tertiary biotic transition: Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 155, p. 413-419.

Hunt, A. P., and Lucas, S. G., 1992, Tetrapod extinctions during the Late Triassic: Evidence from the Western United States: In: Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, abstracts and program, Field Museum of Natural History, June 28-July 1, 1992, edited by Lidgrard, S., and Carane, P. R., The Paleontological Society Special Publication, n. 6, p. 142.

Hunt, G. E., 1978, Possible climatic and biological impact of nearby supernovae: Nature, v. 271, p. 430-431.

Hurlbert, S. H., and Archibald, J. D., 1996, Reply to Sheehan, P. M., Fastovsky, D. F., Hoffmann, R. G., and Barreto, C. B., 1996, No statistical support for sudden (or gradual) extinction of dinosaurs: Geology, October 1996, p. 958-959.

Hut, P., 1984, How stabel is an astronomical clock that can trigger mass extinctions on Earth?: Nature, v. 311, p. 638-641.

I

Irmis, R. B., Sertich, J J., and Green, T., 2018, A new crocodylian from the Upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, U.S.A., indicates diversifiction of alligatoridae prior to the End-Cretaceous mass extinction: In: 78th Annual Meeting, Meeting Program and Abstracts, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p.153-154.

Isozaki, Y., 2001, Plume winter scenario for the Permo-Triassic Boundary mass extinction: NAPC Abstracts, unnumbered.

Isozaki, Y., 2002, End-Pemian double-phased mass extinction and killer volcanism: Annual meeting & exposition, Denver, 2002, p. 360.

Isozaki, Y., Yao, J., Shimizu, N,. and Ji, Z., 2004, Late Permian double mass extinction and double felsic volcanism: G-L and P-T boundary record in northern Sichuan, South China: The Geological Society of America, 2004 Abstracts with Programs, v. 36, n. 4, p. 19.

Ivanov, B. A., and Artemieva, N. A., 2002, Numerical modeling of the formation of large impact craters: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 619-630.

Ivanov, B. A., Langenhorst, F., Deutsch, A., and Hornemann, U., 2002, How strong was impact-induced CO2 degassing in the Cretaceous-Tertiary event? Numerical modeling of shock recovery experiments: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 587-605.

J

Jablonski, D., 1983, Apparent vs. real extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous period: 96th Annual Meeting, The Geolgoical Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 1983, p. 602.

Jablonski, D., 1984, Keeping time with mass extinctions: Paleobiology, v. 10, n. 2, p. 139-145.

Jablonski, D., 1990, 2.12 Mass Extinction: Process. 2.12.1 Extra-terrestrial Causes: In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, P. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 164-171.

Jablonski, D., 1994, Extinctions in the fossil record: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B, v. 344, p. 11-17.

Jablonski, D., 1997, Progress at the K-T boundary: Nature, v. 387, p. 354-355.

Jablonski, D., Roy, K., and Valentine, J. W., 2001, Invasive species, extinctions, and the fossil record: NAPC Abstracts, unnumbered.

Jaeger, J.-J, and Hartenberger, J. L., 1991, The constancy of the ‘Normal’ extinction rate as a new tool from the calibration of Biochronological time-scale: Terra Abstracts, v. 3, n. 1, p. 332-333.

Jafar, S. A., 2000, A magnitude induced model for mass extinctions in the geologic record: evidence from Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 217, n. 2, p. 161-197.

Jaggard, V., 2023, Why did the dinosaurs go extinct?. The consensus culprit is the Chicxulub meteor. But did it and the volcanic Deccan Traps work together to kill off the dinosaurs? In Dinosaurs, a new look at the Prehistoric icons, Part one, A view of dinosaurs like never before: National Geographic, p. 78-80.

Jahn, E., 1991, Some beasts just couldn’t keep up with changes. Dinosaurs A New Theory on Extinction: The San Diego Union, Saturday 19, 1991, p. A-1, A-23.

Jaiprakash, B. C., Singh, J., and Raju, D. S. N., 2993, Foraminiferal events across the K/T boundary and age of Deccan Volcanism in Palakollu area, Krishna-Godavari Baisn, India: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 41, p. 105-117.

Jannett, P. A., and Terry, D. O. jr., 2001, Ancient pedogenic overprinting of the K-T boundary interval within the Fox Hills Formation of southwestern South Dakota: GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition Abstracts, v. 33, n. 6, p. A-202.

Jarzen, D. M., 1976, Angiosperm pollen as indicators of Cretaceous-Tertiary environments: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 39-50.

Jastrow, R., 1983, The Dinosaur Massacre. A double-barreled mystery: Scientist Digest., September, p. 51-53, 109.

Jeletzky, J. A., 1962, The allegedly Danian Dinosaur-Bearing rocks of the Globe and the problem of the Mesozioc-Cenzoic Boundary: Journal of Paleontology, v. 36, n. 5, p. 1005-1018.

Jenkins, I., 2001, Finite element modeling approaches to morphology in vertebrate paleobiology: In: 6th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology—Jena, Germany, July 21-26, Journal of Morphology, v. 248, n. 3, p. 246.

Jepsen, G. L., 1964, Riddles of the Terrible Lizards: American Scientist, v. 52, p. 227-246.

Jiang, D.-Y., Montani, R., Hao, W.-C., Tintori, A., and Rieppel, O., 2007, Marine reptile horizons in the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Guizhou, China and their implications to Marine Reptile evolution after end-Permian extinction: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 27, supplement to n. 3, 67 annual meeting, The Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, p. 95a.

Johanssno, J., and Dieckmann, U., 2009, Evolutionary responses of communities to extinction: Evolutionary Ecology Research, v. 11, p. 561-588.

Johnson, C. C., and Kauffman, E. G., 1994, Rates and patterns of Maastrichtian reef extinction associated with environmental changes in the Caribbean Province: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 140, (T19), p. A-363.

Johnson, K., 1998, When bad things happen to good forests: plant life of the Lance and Hell Creek Formations and the end-Cretaceous extinctions: Tate Geological Museum, Casper College, Casper Wyoming. Tate ’98. Life in the Cretaceous, p. 16-18.

Johnson, P. A., 1980, (reply to Meinke, Paidan & Kappleman 1980; BOYCE, 1980, and Bolt & DeMAR, 1980): Nature, v. 288, p. 195.

Jolley, D., Gilmour, I., Gurov, E., Kelley, S., and Watson, J., 2010, Two large meteorite impacts at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary: Geology, v. 38, no. 9, p. 835-838.

Jones, P. T., and Lim, B., 2000, Extraterrestrial impacts and wildfires: In: Special Issue, Fire and the Palaeoenvironment, edited by Scott, A. C., Moore, J., and Brayshay, B., Paleogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 164, p. 57-66.

Jourdan, F., Feraud, G., Bertrand, H., Kampunzu, A. B., Tshoso, G., Watkeys, M. K., and Gall, B. Le., 2005, Karoo large igneous province: brevity, origin, and relation to mass extinction questioned by new 40Ar/39Ar age data: Beology, v. 33, n. 9, p. 745-748.

K

Kaiho, K., Aftabuzzaman, Md., Jones, D. S., and Li, T., 2020, Pulsed volcanic combustion events conicident with th eend-Permian terrestrial disturbance and the following global crisis: Geology, published online, 5pp.

Kaiho, K., Kajiwara, Y., Nakano, T., Miura, Y., Kawahata, H., Tazaki, K,. Ueshima, M., Chen, Z., Shi, G. R., 2001, End-Permian catastrophe by a bolide impact: evidence of a gigantic release of sulfur from the mantle: Geology, v. 29, n. 9, p. 815-819.

Kaiho, K., oshima, N., Adachi, K., Adachi, Y., Mizukami, T., Fujibayashi, M., and Saito, R., 2016, Global climate change drivine by soot at the K-Pg boundary as the cause of the mass extinction: Scientific Reports, published online, 13pp.

Kammerer, C., 2009, Effectsof the Permo-Triassic mass extinction of synapsid disparity over time: In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 29, supplement to n. 3, 69th Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and 57th Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy (SPVCA): 124a.

Kauffmann, E. G., 1977, Cretaceous extinction and collapse of marine trophic structure: North American Paleontological Convention II, abstracts of papers, Journal of Paleontology, v. 51, Supplement to n. 2, p. 16.

Kauffmann, E. G., 1983, Mass Extinction within the Cretaceous: earthbound events for calibration of extraterrestrial effects: The Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 1983, 96th Annual Meeting, p. 608.

Kauffmann, E. G., 1994, Common patterns of mass extinction, survival, and recovery in marine environments: what do they tell us about the future?: In: Dino Fest, edited by Rosenberg, G. D., and Wolberg, D. L., The Paleontological Society Special Publication Number 7, 1994, series editor, Spencer R. S., p. 437-466.

Kaye, T. G., 2004, Evidence for GRB induced extinctions in the fossil record: Gamma-Ray Bursts, AIP Conference Proceedings, v. 727, p. 562-565.

Keller, G., 1994, K/T boundary mass extincton restricuted to low latitudes?: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 114, (T19), p. A-296.

Keller, G., 1998, The K/T boundary mass extinction: theories and facts: In: The Dinofest Symposium, presented by The Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17-19, 1998, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Gittis, K., Miller, S., Carey, L., and Raynor, A., p. 30.

Keller, G., 2012, The Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction, Chicxulub impact and Deccan volcanism: In: Earth and Live, International Year of Planet Earth, edited by Talent, J. A., p. 759-793.

Keller, G., Adatte, T., Berne, Z., Harting, M., Baum, G., Prauss, M, Tantawy, A., and Stueben, D., 2007, Chicxulub impact predates K-T boundary: new evidence from Brazos, Texas: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 255, p. 339-356.

Keller, G, Adatte, T., Gardin, S., Bartolini, A., and Bajpai, S., 2008, Main Deccan volcanism phase ends near the K-T Boundary: Evidence form the Krishna-Godavari Basin, SE Inda: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 268, p. 293-311.

Keller, G., Adatte, T., Stinnesbeck, W., Affolter, M., Schilli, L., and Lopez-Oliva, J. G., 2002, Multiple spherule layers in the Late Maastrichtian of northeastern Mexico: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 145-161.

Keller, G., Bhowmick, P. K., Upadhyay, H., Dave, A., Reddy, A. N., Jaiprakash, B. C., and Adatte, T., 2011, Deccan Volcanism linked to the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary mass extinction: new evidence from ONGC Wells in the Krishna-Godavari Basin: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 78, p. 399-428.

Keller, G., Li L., and MacLeod, N., 1995, The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary stratotype section at El Kef, Tunisia: how catastrophic was the mass extinction?: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 119, p. 221-254.

Keller, G., Li L., Stinnesbeck, W., and Vicnezi, E., 1998, The K/T mass extinction, Chicxulub and the impact-kill effect: Bulletin de la societie geologiques de France, tomo 169, n. 4, p. 485-491.

Keller, G., Lopez-Olivia, J. G., and Stinnesbeck, W., 1994, Sea level changes, clastic deposits and megastsunamis across the K/T boundary: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 122, (T37), p. A-335.

Keller, G., and Stinnesbeck, W., 1996, Sea-level changes, clastic deposits, and megatsunamis across the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary: In: Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinctions, biotic and environmental changes, edited by Macleod, N., and Keller, G., W. W. Norton & Company, p. 415-449.

Keller, G., Stinnesbeck, W., and Adatte, T., 2002, Slumping and a sandbar deposit at the Cretaaceous-Tertiary boundary in the El Tecolote section (northeastern Mexico): an impact-induced sediment gravity flow, Comment: Geology, April, 2002, p. 382-383.

Keller, G., Stinnesbeck, W., Adatte, T., and Stuben, D., 2003, Multiple impacts across the Cretaceous-Tertiary bondary: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 62, p. 327-363.

Kelley, N., Montani, R., Jiang, D.-Y., and Rieppel,O., 2010, Strontium isotopes corroborate sea level fluctuation as a mechanism for ecologically selective extinction among Early Mesozoic marine reptiles: In: International symposium on Triassic and later Marine Vertebrate Faunas, Program and Abstracts, p. 55-56.

Kent, D. V., 1981, Asteroid Extinction Hypothesis: Science, v. 211, p. 649-650.

Kerr, A. C., 1997, Asteroidimpact and mass extinction at the K-T boundary: an extinct red herring?: Geology Today, July-August, 1997, p. 157-159.

Kerr, R. A., 1980, Asteroid Theory of Extinctions Strengthened: Science, v. 210, p. 514-517.

Kerr, R. A., 1981, Nonmarine Iridium Anomaly Linked to Extinctions: Science, v. 212, p. 1376-1377.

Kerr, R. A., 1981, Impact Looks Real, the Catastrophe Smaller: Science, v. 214, p. 896-898.

Kerr, R. A., 1983, Istopes Add Support for Asteroid Impact: Science, v. 222, p. 603-604.

Kerr, R. A., 1984, Periodic Impacts and Extinctions Reported: Science, v. 223, p. 1277-1279.

Kerr, R. A., 1988, Huge Impact Is Favored K-T Boundary Killer: Science, v. 242, p. 865-867.

Kerr, R. A., 1988, Was There a Prelude to the Dinosaurs' Demise?: Science, v. 239, p. 729-730.

Kerr, R. A., 1992, Origins and Extinctions: Paleontology in Chicago: Science, v. 257, p. 486-487.

Kerr, R. A., 1992, Huge Impact Tied to Mass Extinction: Science, v. 257, p. 878-880.

Kerr, R. A., 1992, Did an Asteroid Leave Its Mark in Montana Bones?: Science, v. 256, p. 1395-1396.

Kerr, R. A., 1993, A Bigger Death Knell for the Dinosaurs?: Science, v. 261, p. 1518-1519.

Kerr, R. A., 1997, Cores Document Ancient Catastrophe: Science, v. 275, p. 1265.

Kerr, R. A., 2002, No ‘darkness at noon’ to do in the dinosaurs? Science, v. 295, p. 1445-1447.

Ketchum, H. F., and Barett, P. M., 2004, New reptile material from the Lower Triassic of Madagascar: implications for the Permian-Triassic extinction event: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 41, p. 1-8.

Kiehl, J. T., and Shields, C. A., 2005, Climate simulation of the latest Permian: Implications for mass extinction: Geology, v. 33, n. 9, p. 757-560.

Kiefer, P., 2023, The second astroid theroy. Did a mysterious celestial body crash into Earth and the dinosaurs died? A dimple in the Atlantic seafloor could be the sign of another impact: Popular Science, Special Edition, p. 86-87.

Kirchner, J. W., and Weil, A., 2001, Fossil extinction and origination rates: linked patterns generated by distinct processes? NAPC Abstracts, unnumbered.

Kitchell, J. A., and Estabrook, G., 1986, (criticism of Hoffman 1985): Nature, v. 321, p. 534-535.

Kiyokawa, S., Tada, R., Ituralde-Vient, Tajika, E., Yamamoto, S., Oji, T., Nakano, T., Goto, K., Takayama, H., Delgado, D. G., Otero, C. D., Rojas-Consuegra, R., and Matsui, T., 2002, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sequence in the Cacarajicara Formation, western Cuba: an impact-related, high-energy, gravity-flow deposit: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 125-144.

Klaus, A., Norris, R. D., Kroon, D, and Smit, J., 2000, Impact-induced mass wasting at the K-T boundary: Blake Nose, western north Atlantic: Geology, v. 28, n. 4, p. 319-322.

Klimko, F., 1991, Dinosaurs said to have ‘waved’ goodbye: The San Diego Union, Thursday, October 24, 1991, p. A7.

Knell, S. H., and Collins, C. G., 1992, The local geologist 7: Extinct again!: Geology Today, March-April, p. 62-65.

Knight, J., 2007, Controversies regarding the Cretaceous/Tertiary event: Fossil News, Journal of Avocational Paleontology, v. 13, n. 2, p. 2-4.

Koch, N. C., 1967, Disappearance of the dinosaurs: Journal of Paleontology, v. 41, p. 970-972.

Koeberl, C., Armstrong, R. A., and Reimold, W. U., 1997, Morokweng, South Africa: A large impact structure of Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary age: Geology, v. 25, n. 8, p. 731-734.

Koutsoukos, E. A. M., 1998, An extrestrrestrial impact in the early Danian: a secondary K/T boundary event?: Terra Nova, v. 10, p. 68-73.

Kozisek, J., 2003, New implications for the Cretaceous-Tertiary asteroid impact theory based upon the persistence of extant tropical honeybees (Hymenoptera: apidae): Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 23, supplement to n. 3, abstracts of papers, sixty-third annual meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Science museum of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, October 15-18, p. 69a.

Krassilov, V. A., 1975, Climatic Changes in Eastern Asia as indicated by Fossil Floras. II. Late Cretaceous and Danian: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 17, p. 157-172.

Krassilov, V. A., 1981, Changes of Mesozoic vegetation and the Extinction of Dinosaurs: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 34, p. 207-224.

K-Tec Group, 1982, K-Tec II, Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrail causes: Syllogues, n. 69, 151pp.

Kring, D. A., and Durda, D. D., 2003, The day the World Burned. The dinosaur-killing impact set off a wave of wildfires that consumed Earth’s forests: Scientific American, v. 289, n. 6, p. 98-105.

Krug, A. Z., Jablonski, D., and Valentine, J. W., 2009, Signature of the End-Cretaceous mass extinction in teh modern biota: Science, v. 323, p. 767-771.

Kuhn-Schnyder, E., 1978, Das Erloschen des Dinosaurierlebens an der Kreide-Tertiar-Grenze und die moglichen terretrischen und exstraterrestrichen Ursachen: Naturwissenschaften, v. 65, p. 57-58.

Kyte, F. T., 1998, A meteorite from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 396, p. 237-239.

Kyte, F. T., 2002, Tracers of the extraterrestrial component in sediments and inferences for Earth’s accretion history: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 23-38.

Kyte, F. T., and Wasson, J. T., 1986, Accredtion rate of extraterrestrial matter: iridium deposited 33-67 million years ago: Science, v. 232, p. 1225-1229.

Kyte, F. T., and Wasson, J. T., 1986, (Response to Hatfielr, 1986, & Muller, 1986): Science, v. 234, p. 1485-1486.

L

Labandeira, C. C., 1992, Diveristy, Diets, and Eisparity: determining the effect of the Terminal Cretaceous extinction on Insect evolution: In: Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, abstracts and program, Field Museum of Natural History, June 28-July 1, 1992, edited by Lidgard, S., and Crane, P. R., The Paleontological Society Special Publication, n. 6, p. 174.

Labandeira, C. C., Johnson, K. R., and Lang, P. L., 1999, Extinction at the Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary: GSA Abstracts with Programs, 1999, p. A-72.

Labandeira, C. C., Johnson, K. R., and Wilf, P., 2002, Impact on the terminal Cretaceous event on plant-insect associations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, v. 99, n. 4, p. 2061-2066.

LaFee, S., 1994, The Deruse of the Dinosaurs: The San Diego Union-Tribune, Wednesday, October 19, 1994, p. E-14.

Larina, E., Bottjer, D. J., Corsetti, F. A., Zonneveld, J.-P., Celestian, A. J., and Biley, J. V., 2019, Uppermost Triassic phosphorites from Williston Lake, Canada: link to fluctuating eux9nic-anoxic conditions in northeatern Panthalassa before the end-Triassic mass extinction: Scientific Reports, published online, 9pp.

Latyshev, A. V., Fetisova, A. M., and Veselovskiy, R. V., 2020, Linking Siberian Traps LIP emplacment and end-Permian mass extinction: evidence form magnetic straigraphy of the Maymecha-Kotuy volcanic section: Geosciences, pubished online, 25pp.

Laubenfels, M. W. de., 1956, Dinosaur extinction: one more hypothesis: Journal of Paleonotology, v. 30, n. 1, p. 207-212.

Leahy, G. D., 1987, The gradual extinction of dinosaurs: face or artifact?: In: Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, short papers, edited by Currie, P. J., and Koster, E. H., p. 138-143.

Lerbekmo, J. F., Singh, C., Jarzen, D. M., and Russell, D. A., 1979, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the south-central Alberta-a revision based on additional dinosaurian and microfloral evidence: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 16, p. 1866-1869.

Leman, R., 1985, Response to Hoffman's Periodicity of Extinctions: Science, v. 230, p. 8.

Lemieux, L., and Schultz, F. H., 1976, Preface: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 4.

Leonardi, G., 1986, O fim dos dinossauros: Ciencia Hoje, v. 5, n. 26, p. 21.

Lessner, E., Petermann, H., and Lyson, T., 2023, New material from the Lower Paleocene (Early Danian) Denver Basin fill gaps in the persistent record of Eusuchian (Crocodylomorpha) after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction: In: 83rd Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Program Guide, p. 268.

Levinton, J. S., 1996, Trophic group and the end-Cretaceous extinction: did deposit feeders have it made in the shade?: Paleobiology, v. 22, n. 1, p. 104-112.

Lewin, R., 1985, Catastrophism not yet dead: Science, v. 229, p. 640.

Lewin, R., 1985, Destroyers by the Pound?: Science, v. 230, p. 8.

Lewin, R., 1997, Critical mass, Complexity theroy may explain big extinctions better than asteroids: New Scientist, August 23, 1997, p. 7.

Li, G., Liao, W., Li, S., Wang, Y., and Lai, Z., 2021, Different triggers for the two pluses of mass extinction across the Permian and Triassic boundary: Scientific Reports, 11:6686, 12pp.

Li, L., and Keller, G., 1994, Environmental changes during the last 500kyr of the Maastrichtian at El Kef, Tunisia: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 122, (T37), p. A-335.

Li, M., Frank, T. D., Xu, Yl., Fielding, C. R., Gong, Y., and Shen, Y., 2022, Sulfer isotopes link atmospheric sulfate aerosols from the Siberian Traps uoutgassing to the end-Permina extinction on land: Earth and Planentary Science Letters, n. 592, 117634, 8pp.

Li, M, Grasby, S E., Wang, S.-J., Zhang, X., Wasylenki, L. E., Xu, Y., Sun, M., Beauchamp, B., Hu, D., and Shen, Y., 2021, Nickel isotopes lik Siberian Traps aerosol particles to the end-Permian mass extinction: Nature Communications, published online, 7pp.

Lillegraven, J. A., and Eberle, J. J., 1999, Vertebrate faunal changes through Lancian and Puercan time in southern Wyoming: Journal of Paleontology, v. 73, n. 4, p. 691-710.

Lindsey, E. H., Butler, P. F., and Johnson, N. M., 1981, Magnetic polarity and biostratigrpahy of late Cretaceous and Paleocene continental depsoits, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: American Journal of Science, v. 281, p. 390-435.

Lindsey, E. H., Butler, P. F., and Johnson, N. M., 1982, Repy to: Comment by Lucas and Schoch on "Magnetic plarity zonation and biostratigraphy of late Cretaceous and Paleocene continental deposits, San Juan Bains, new Mexico.": American Journal of Science, v. 282, p. 927-933.

Lindsey, E. H., Butler, P. F., Johnson, N. M., and Jacobs, L. L., 1979, Reply to: Alvarex W., and Vann. 1979: Geology, v. 7, n. 2, p. 68-69.

Lindsey, E. H., Butler, P. F., Johnson, N. M., and Jacobs, L. L., 1979, Reply to Fassett. 1979: Geology, v. 7, n. 2, p. 70-71.

Lindsey, E. H., Butler, P. F., Johnson, N. M., and Jacobs, L. L., 1979, Comment and reply on: Biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of Paleocene terrestrial deposits, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: Geology, v. 7, n. 7, p. 326-327.

Lindsey, E. H., Jacobs, L. L., and Butler, P. F., 1978, Biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of Paleocene terrestrial deposits, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: Geology, v. 6, n. 7, p. 425-429.

Lingham-Solair, T., 2003, Extinction of Ichthyosaurs: a catastrophic or evolutionary paradigm? Neües Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 228, n. 3, p. 421-452.

Lini, A., Weissert, H., and Erba, E., 1992, The Valanginian carbon isotope event: a first episode of greenhouse climate conditions during the Cretaceous: Terra Nova., v. 4, p. 374-384.

Little, C. T. S., and Benton, M. J., 1995, Early Jurassic mass extinction: A global long-term event: Geology, v. 23, n. 6, p. 495-498.

Liu, J., Hu, S.-X., Jiang D.-Y., Benton, M., and Zhou, C.-Y., 2014, A gigantic nothosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Southwestern China and its implication for the biotic recovery from the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: In: Meeting Program and Abstracts, 74th Meeting Berling, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 169.

Lloyd, G., and Benton, M. J., 2004, Difficultyin identifying mass extinctions amaong tetrapods (Late Permian-Early Jurassic): In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 24, supplement to n. 3, abstracts of Papers, Sixty-fourth Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Adams Mark Hotel, Denver, Colorado, November 3-6, 2004, p. 84a.

Lloyd, G., and Benton, M. J., 2005, Problems of statistically recovering tetrapod extinction events (Late Permian - Early Jurassic): In: 53rd Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy, Abstracts, edited by Barrett, P. M., Abstracts of Oral Presentations, p. 16.

Lockley, M. G., 1990, How volcanism affects the biostratigrahic record: The Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 244, p. 1-12.

Lofgren, D. L., 1989, K-T biostratrigraphy-biochronology, McGuire Creek Montana: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 9, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of papers, Forty-ninth Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vertebrate Paleoontology Laboratory, The University of Texas, Austin Texas, November 2-4, p. 30A.

Lofgren, D. L., 1995, The Bug Creek Problem and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Transition at McGuire Creek, Montana: University of California Publications, Geological Sciences, v. 140, p. 1-185.

Lofgren, D. L., and Hotton, C. L., 1991, The K-T transition at McGuire Creek Montana: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Fifty-First Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, San Diego State University and San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, California, October 24-26, p. 43A.

Lomax, B., Beerling, D., Upchurch Jr., G., and Otto-Bleisner, B., 2001, Rapid (10-yr) recovery of terrestrial productivity in a simulation study of the terminal Cretaceous impact event: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 192, p. 137-144.

Longrich, N, 2016, High diversity of small dinosaurs preceeding teh Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) mass extinction: In: The Palaeontological Association, 60th annual meeting, 14th-17th December, Universite Claude Bernadrd Lyon 1, Lyon, France, Programme, Abstracts, and AGM papers, p. 88.

Longrich, N. R., Bhullar, B.-A. S., and Gauthier, J. A., 2012, Mass extinction of lizards adn snakes at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary: In: The Palaeontological Association, 56th Annual Meeting 16th-18th December, 2012, University College Dublin, Program and Abstracts, Abstracts of oral presentations, The Palaeontological Association newsletter, n. 81, p. 41.

Longrich, N., Martill, D., and Andres, B., 2016, Late Maastrichtina pterosaurs from the Tethys seaway porvide evidence for mass extinction of pterosaurs at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary:  In: SVPCA and SPPC 2016 Liverpool, Abstract book, p. 22.

Looy, C. V., Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, J. H. A., Vissher, H., Dilcher, D. L., and Twitchett, R. J., 2001, Time-delayed plant extinction after the end-Permian ecologic crisis: NAPC Abstracts, unnumbered.

Lopez-Martinez, N., Canudo, J. I., Ardevol, L., Pereda-Suberbiola, X., Orue-Etxebarria, Z., Cuenca-Bescos, G., Ruiz-Omenaca, J. I., Muerlaga, X., and Feist, M,. 2001, New dinosaur sites correlated with Upper Maastrichtian pelagic deposits in the Spanish Pyrenees: implications for the dinosaur extinction pattern in Europe: Cretaceous Research, v. 22, p. 41-61.

Lopez-Martinez, N., Fernandez-Marron, M. T., and Valle, M. F., 1999, The succession of Vertebrates and Plants across the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Tremp Formation, Ager Valley (South-Central Pyrenees, Spain): Geobios, v. 32, n. 4, p. 617-627.

Lounejeva, E., Ostroumov, M., and Sanchez-Rubio, G., 2002, Micro-Raman and opitical identification of coesite in suevite from Chicxulub: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 47-54.

Lubick, N., 2002, Dinosaurs’ world up in flames: Geotimes, November, 1991, p. 10.

Lucas, S. G., 1994, Permian-Triassic Tetrapod extinctions: an artifact of the compiled correlaiton effect: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 145, (T37), p. A-396.

Lucas, S. G., 2005, Years of mass extinctions and impacts: Geotimes, February 2005, p. 28-32.

Lucas, S. G., 2009, Timing and magnitude of tetrapod extinctions across the Permo-Triassic Boundary: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 36, p. 491-502.

Lucas, S. G., and Rigby, J. K. jr., 1979, Comment and Reply on 'Biostratigraphy and magnetostratigrphay of Paleocene terrestrial deposits, San Juan Basin, New Mexico': Geology, July, p. 323-325.

Lucas, S. G., Spielmann, J., and Rinehart, L., 2008, Timing of tetrapod extinctions across the Permo-Triassic boundary: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 28, supplement to no. 3, Program and Abstracts, 68th Annual Meeting , Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Case Western Reserve University, Renaissance Cleveland Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio USA, October 15-18, p. 108a.

Lucas, S. G., and Tanner, L. H., 2004, Late Triassic extinction events: Albertiana 31, p. 31-40.

Lucas, S. G., and Tanner, L. H., 2005, Stratigraphic resolution and the supposed mass extinction at the end of the Triassic: In: Tracking Dinosaur Origins, the Triassic/Jurassic terrestrial transition, abstract volume, p. 1t5.

Lucas, S. G., and Tanner, L. H., 2017, Chapter 15, The missing mass extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary:  In: The Late Triassic World, earth in a time of transition, editor Tanner, L. H., Topics in Geobiology, v. 46,  Springer, p. 721-785.

Lucas, S. G., Tanner, L. H., and Heckert, A. B., 2003, Rethinking the mass extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary: The Geological Society of America Annual Meeting and Exposition, Washington Sate Convention & Trade Center, November, 2-5, v. 34, n. 7, p. 417.

Lucas, S. G., Tanner, L. H., Donohoo-Hurley, L. L., Geissman, J. W., Kozur, H. W., Heckert, A. B., and Weems, R. E., 2011, Position of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and timing of the end-Triassic extinctiosn on land: data from the Moenave Formation on the southern Colorado Plateau, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 302, p. 194-205.

Luck, J. M., and Turekian, K. K., 1983, Osmium-187/Osmium-186 in Manganese Nodules and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary: Science, v. 222, p. 613-615.

Luder, T., Benz, W., and Stocker, T. F., 2002, Modeling long-term climatic effects of impacts: first results: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 717-729.

Lundelius, E. L. jr., 1990, 2.12.3 Mass Extinction: Events. 2.13.8 Plestocene: In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, P. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 207-209.

Lyson, T., Bercovici, A., Chester, S., Sargis, E., and Pearson, D., 2011, Dinosaur extinction: closing the “Three meter gap”: In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement to online Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 71st Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Paris Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, November 2-5, 2011, Program and Abstracts, p. 148.

Lyson, T. R., Bercovici, A., Chester, G. B., Sargis, E. J., Pearson, D., and Joyce, W. G., 2011, Dionsaur extinction: closing the '3 m gap': Biology Letters, v. 7, p. 925-928.

M

Ma, M., Zhang, W., Zhao, M, Qiu, Y., Cai, H, Chen, J, and Liu, X., 2022, Deccan Traps volcanism implicated in the extinction of non-avian

MacDougall, M. J., Brocklehurst, N., and Frobisch, J., 2019, Species richness and disparity of parareptiles across the end-Permian mass extinction: Proceedings of the Royal Society, series B, v. 286: 20172572, published online, 8pp.

Macleod, K. G., and Fullagar, P. D., 2001, Maastrichtian 87SR 86SR stratigraphy and a wordly (non-Impact) explanation for some slumps in Late Cretaceous sections from the western North Atlantic: GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition Abstracts, v. 33, n. 6, p. A-202.

Macleod, N., and Keller, G., 1994, Stratigraphic, morphotypic, ecologic, biogeographic,a dn macro-evolutionary response of Planktic Foraminifera to environmental changes across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 114, (T19), p. A-296.

Macleod, N., Rawson, P. F., Forey, P. L., Banner, F. T., Boudagher-Fadel, M. K., Bown, P. R., Burnett, J. A., Chambers, P., Culver, S., Evans, S. E., Jeffery, C., Kaminski, M. A., Lord, A. R., Milner, A. C., Milner, A. R., Morris, N., Owen, E., Rosen, B. R., Smith, A. B., Taylor, P. D., Urquhart, E., and Young, J. R., 1997, The Cretaceous-Tertiary biotic transition: Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 154, p. 265-292.

MacLeod, K. G., Whitney, D. L., Huber, B. T., and Koeberl, C., 2007, Impact and extinction in remarkable complete Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sections from Demerara Rise, Tropical western North Atlantic: GSA Bulletin, v. 119, n. 1/2, p. 101-115.

Maddos, J., 1985, Periodic extinctions undermined: Nature, v. 315, p. 627.

Markwick, P. J., 1998, Crocdilian diversity in space and time: the role of climate in paleoecology and its implications for understanding K/T extinctions: Paleobiology, v. 24, n. 4, p. 470-497.

Marshall, C. R., 1994, Using the Ammonite fossil record to predict the position of the K/T boundary Ir anomaly on Seymour Island, Antarctica: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 145, (T37), p. A-394.

Marshall, J. E. A., Lakin, /J., Troth, I., and Wallace-Johnson, S. M., 2020, UV-B radiation was the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary terrestrial extinction kill mechnism: Science Advances, v. 6, eaba0768, 8pp.

Martin, J. E., Vincent, P., Suan, G., Sharpe, T., Hodges, P., Williams, M., Howells, C., and Fischer, V., 2015, A mysterious giant ichthyosaur from the lowermost Jurassic of Wales: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 60, n. v 4, p. 837-842.

Martinex-R., F., Orteba-Huertas, M., Palomo, I., and Smit, J., 2002, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Blake Nose (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 171B): a record of the Chicxulub impact ejecta: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 189-199.

Martz, J., and Parker, W., 2010, Understanding and utilizing detailed biostratigraphic data to characterize Late Triassic faunal change : examples from Western North America: In: 70th anniversary meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts, p. 130a-131a.

Maruoka, T,. Koeberl, C,. Newton, J., Gilmour, I., and Bohor, B. F., 2002, Sulfur isotopic compositions across terrestrial Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary successions: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 337-344.

Matthew, W. D., 1914, Evidence of the Paleocene Vertebrate fauna on the Cretaceous-Tertiary problem: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 25, p. 381-402.

Matsui, T., Imamura, F., Tajika, E., Nakano, Y., and Fujisawa, Y., 2002, Generation and propagation of a tsunami from the Cretaceous-Tertiary impact event: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 69-77.

Maxwell, W. D., 1987, Mass extinctions and data bases: changes in the interpretations of tetrapod mass extinction in the past 20 years: In: Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, short papers, edited by Currie, P. J., and Koster, E. H., p. 156-160.

Maxwell, E. E., and Vincent, P, 2012, Changes in ichthyosaur body size during the Early Toracian extinction event:: In : 72nd Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, supplement to the online journal of paleontology, October, 2012, p. 138.

Maxwell, E. E., and Vincent, P., 2015, Effects of the early Toarcian Oceanic anoxic event on ichthyosaur body size and faunal composition in the Southwest German Basin: Paleobiology, 10 pp.

Mazin, J. M., 1987, Marine reptile groups and the Late Triassic extinctions: Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, New Series, n. 150, p. 33-36.

McCourt, R. M., Karol, K. G., and Feist, M., 1998, What the Duck-billed dinosaurs saw: Extinction of Charophyte Green Algae and Molecular Phylogenetic studies of the ones that survived: In: The Dinofest Symposium, Presented by. The Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17-19, 1998, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Gittis, K., Miller, S., Carey, L., and Raynor, A., p. 39.

McElwain, J. C,. 2001, Fossil floral dynamics and environmental change across the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction boundary: NAPC Abstracts, unnumbered.

McGhee, G. R., 1990, 2.12.3 Mass Extinction: Events. 2.13.3. Frasnian-Famennian: In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, P. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 184-187.

Mchugh, J., 2012, Ontogeny and phylogeny of temnsospondyl amphibians, a window into terrestrial ecosystems during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction: In: 72nd Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, supplement to the online journal of paleontology, October, 2012, p. 139.

McKenna, K., 1992, Dinosaur eggstinktion and extinction: Dinonews, Issue 5, p. 21.

McLean, D M,. 1982, Deccan volcanism and the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition scenario: a unifying causal mechanism: In: K-Tec II, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 39, p. 143-144.

McLean, D. M., 1980, Terminal Cretaceous catastrophe: Nature, v. 287, p. 760.

McLean, D. M., 1981, A test of terminal Mesozoic "Catastrophe": Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 53, p. 103-108.

McLean, D. M., 1994, An Asteroid impact-mantle plkume volcanism climate-physiology mass extinction killing machanism: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 139, (T19), p. A-362-363.

McLean, D. M., 1995, K-T Transition Greenhouse and Embryogenesis Dysfunction in the Dinosaurian Extinctions: Journal of Geological Education, v. 43, p. 517-528.

McLoughlin, S., Vajda, V., and Mays, C., 2021, Death and destruction in the Sydney Basin, is prehistory doomed to repeat itself? Austalian Age of Dinosaurs, v. 18, p. 37-47.

McMenamin, M. A. S., 1990, 2.12.3 Mass Extinction: Events. 2.13.1 Vendian: In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, P. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 179-181.

Mehmood, A., 2022, Macroecology and the recovery of temnospondyls from the end-Permian mass extinction: In: The Palaeontological Association Newsletter, n. 111, p. 90-94.

Meredith, R. W., Janecka, J. E., Gatesy, J., Ryder, O. A., Fisher, C. A., Teeling, E. C., Goodbla, A., Eizirik, E., Simao, T. L. L., Stadler, T., Rabosky, D. L., Honeycutt, R. L., Flynn, J. J., Ingram, C. M., Steiner, C., Williams, T. L., Robinson, T. J., Burk-Herrick, A., Westerman, M., Ayoub, N. A., Springer, M. S., and Murphy, W. J., 2011, Impacts on the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification: Science, v. 334, p. 521-524.

Michener, J. A., 1974, Life and Death of the Dinosaur: Reader's Digist, November, 1974, p. 219-234.

Milner, A., 1977, Triassic extinction on Jurassic vacum?: Nature, v. 265, p. 402.

Miler, A. I., and Foote, M., 2009, Epicontinental seas versus open-ocean settings: the kinetics of mass extinction and origination: Science, v. 326, p. 1106-1109.

Modesto, S. P., and Damiani, R., 2001, Early Triassic procolophonoid reptiles and the mother of mass extinctions: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 21, supplement to n. 3, abstracts of papers, sixty-first annual meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Museum of the Rockies, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, October 3-6, p. 81a.

Modesto, S. P., Damiani, R. J., Neveling, J., and Yates, A. M., 2003, A new Triassic owenettid parareptile and the mother of mass extinctions: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 23, n. 3, p. 715-719.

Molnar, R. E., and O'Reagan M., 1989, Dinosaur Extinctions: Australian Natural History, v, 22, n. 12, p. 550-569.

Monastersky, R., 1991, Yucca site: A conclusion and controversy: Science News, v. 140, p. 262.

Monastersky, R., 1992, Closing in on the Killer. The Caribbean gains favor and the scene of an ancient global catastrophe: Science News, v. 141, p. 56-58.

Monastersky, R., 1992, Counting the DEAD. Did the dinosaurs and thier contemporaries die out with a bang or whipper?: Science News, v. 141, p. 72-75.

Monastersky, R., 1992, Anti-impactors have their day in K-T court: Science News, v. 142, p. 310.

Monastersky, R., 1993, Cretaceous extinctions: The strikes add up: Science News,v. 143, p. 391.

Monastersky, R., 1997, Creaters and extinction: Time of reckoning: Science News, v. 152, p. 71.

Monastersky, R., 1998, Death Swept Earth at the End of Permian: Science News, v. 153, p. 308.

Monastersky, R., 1998, Target Earth. Geologist link a chain of craters: Science News, v. 153, p. 312-314.

Monroe, L. R., 1990, Dinosaur Impact Theory Broadened by Scientists: Los Angeles Times, Wednesday, December 5, p. A1, A32.

Montanair, A., Hay, R. L., Alverez, W., Asaro, F., Michel, H. V., Alverez, L. W., and Smit, J., 1983, Spheroids at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary are altered impact droplets of basaltic composition: Geology, v. 11, p. 668-671.

Morell, V., 1993, How Lethal Was the K-T Impact?: Science, v. 261, p. 1518-1519.

Morgan, J., and Warner, M., 1999, Chicxulub: The third dimension of a multi-ring impact basin: Geology, v. 27, n. 5, p. 407-410.

Morgan, J., Warner, M., and Grieve, R., 2002, Geophysical constraints on the size and structure of the Chicxulub impact crater: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 39-46.

Morris, W. J., 1987, Flowers Turned Off Dinosaurs: Nautral History, v. 2, p. 4,

Mullen, W., 1997, Clues to extinction found beneath ice: The San Diego Union-Tribune, April 23, 1997, p. E6.

Muller, R. A., 1985, Did comet destroy dinosaurs?: The San Didgo Union, Thursday, April 4, 1985, p. E1, E4.

Muller, R. A., 1986, Comet Showers, Periodic Extinctions, and Iridium: Science, v. 234, p. 1484-1485.

Murry, M., 1986, Point of Impact: The Indian Ocean?: Science News, v. 129, p. 356.

Murry, M., 1986, One way to survive mass extinction: Science News, v. 130, p. 121.

Murry, M., 1986, Extinctions: The earthly argument: Science News.

Muscente, A. D., Prabhu, A., Hao, Z., Eleish, A., Meyer, M. B., Fox, P., Hazen, R. M., and Knoll, A. H., 2018, Quantifying ecological impacts of mass extinctions with network analysis of fossil communities: Proceendings of the National Academy Sciences, v. 115, n. 20, p. 5217-522.

Myers, N., 1997, Mass Extinction and Evolution: Science, v. 278, p. 597-598.

N

Napier, W. M,. 1982, Effects of solar system pssage throught giant moleular clouds: In: K-Tec II, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 39, p. 145-146.

Napier, W. M., and Clube, S. V. M., 1979, A theroy of terrestrail catastrophism: Nature, v. 282, p. 455-459.

Naugolnykh, S. V., 2005, Upper Permian flora of Vjazniki (European part of Russia), its Zechstein appearance, and the nature of the Permian/Triassic extinction: In: The Nonmarine Permian; edited by Lucas, S. G., and Zeigler, K. E., New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science, Bulletin 30, p. 226-242.

de Niem, D., 2002, Multiple stages of condensation in impact-produced vapor clouds: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 631-644.

Newell, N. D., 1965, Mass Extinctions at the End of the Cretaceous Period: Science, v. 149, p. 922-923.

Nichols, D. J., 1994, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in nonmarine strata-examples from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 140, (T19), p. A-363.

Nichols, D. J., and Brown, J. L., 1994, The K-T Boundary at Sussex, Wyoming-evidence for a major extinction event at the end of the age of Dinosaurs: Forty-Fourth Annual Field Conference-1994. Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook, p. 85-100.

Nicholson, T. D., 1973, Dinosaurs for sale: Curator, v. 18, p. 66-82.

Nopcsa, F., 1926, Osteologia Reptilium fossilium et recentium: Fossilium Catalogues I, Animalia, part 27, p. 1-390.

Norell, M. A., 1987, The phylogenetic determination of taxonomic diversity: implications for terrestrial vertebrate at the K-T boundary: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 7, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Forty-Seventh Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, October 22-24, p. 22A.

Norris, G., 1976, Phytoplankton changes near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 51-58.

Norris, R., 2020, Whump, Slosh, Slosh, Slosh--Filling the crater that did in the dinosaurs: Advancing Earth and Space Science, v. 1, e202AV000306, 4pp.

Norris, R. D., and Firth, J. V., 2002, Mass wasting of Atlantic continental margins following the Chicxulub impact event: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 79-95.

Nova, No. 808: The Asteroid and the Dinosaur, WGBH Transcripts: 20pp.

Nowlan, G. S., 1992, Extinction: Geotimes, p. 17-18.

O

Oberg, D., Suarez, C., and Choiniere, J. N., 2021, Community response to the End Triassic mass extinction in the Elliot Formaton of South Africa and Lesotho: In: The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 80th Annual Meeting, Virtual 2020, October, 12-16, 2020, Meeting Program and Abstracts, p. 260.  

Officer, C. B., 1992, The relevance of iridium and microscopic dynamic deformation features toward understanding the Cretaceous/Tertiary transition: Terra Nova, v. 4, p. 394-404.

Officer, C. B., 1994, Chicxulub Strucutre: A Volcanic Sewuaence of Late Cretaceous Age: In: Dino Fest, edited by Rosenberg, G. D., and Wolberg, D. L., The Paleontological Society Special Publication n. 7, 1994, series editor, Spencer R. S., p. 425-436.

Officer, C. B., and Meyerhoff, A. A., 1994, The Chicxulub structure: a volcanic sequence of Late Cretaceous age: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 114, (T19), p. A-296.

Officer, C. B., and Drake, C. L., 1980, The Cretaceous-Tertiary transition: Science, v. 219, p. 1383-1390.

Officer, C. B., and Ekdale, A. A., 1986, (Critique of Wolback, LEwis, and Anders, 1985): Science, v. 234, p. 262-263.

O’Hanlon, L., 1996, K-T Extinctions: The Dead Bodies Found: Earth, v. 5, n. 2, p. 10.

O'Keefe, J. D., and Ahrens T. J., 19 Impact mechanics of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction bolide: Nature, v. 295, p. 123-127.

Olano, C. A., 2002, Solar system linked to a gigantic interstellar cloud during the past 500 m.y.: implications for a galactic theory of terrestrial catastrophism: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 679-683.

O’Leary, M., Gottfried, M., Roberts, E., and Goodwin, D., 2001, A record of Aetobatus survivorship across the K/T boundary: new data from the Maastrichtian of west Africa (Mali): Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 21, supplement to n. 3, abstracts of papers, sixty-first annual meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Museum of the Rockies, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, October 3-6, p. 85a.

Olsen, P. E., Kent, D. V., Sues, H.-D., Koeberl, C., Huber, H., Montanari, A., Rainforth, E. C., Fowell, S. J., Szajna, M. J., and Harline, B. W., 2002, Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an Iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary: Science, v. 296, p. 1305-1307.

Olsen, P. E., Koeberl, C., Huber, H., Montanari, A., Fowell, S. J., Et-Touhami, M., and Kent, D. V., 2002, Continental Triassic-Jurassic boundary in central Pangea: recent progress and discussion of an Ir anomaly: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 505-522.

Olsen, P., Sues, H.-D., Rainforth, E., Hartline, B., and Szajna, M., 1998, In: The Dinofest Symposium, presented by the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17-19, 1998, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Gittis, K., Miller, S., Carey, L., and Raynor, A., p. unnumbered.

Olsson, R. K., Miller, K. G., Browning, J. V., Habib, D., and Sugarman, P. J., 1997, Ejecta layer at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Bass River, New Jersey (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 174AX): Geology, v. 25, n. 8, p. 759-762.

Olsson, R. K., Miller, K. G., Browning, J. V., Wright, J. D., and Cramer, B. S., 2002, Sequence stratigraphy and sea-level change across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary on the New Jersey passive margin: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 97-108.

Olsen, P. E., and Galton, P. M., 1977, Triassic-Jurassic Tetrapod Extinctions: Are They Real?: Science, v. 197, p. 983-986.

Olsen, P. E., Sues, H.-D., Rainforth, E. C., Kent, D. V., Koeberl, C., Huber, H., Montanari, A,. and Fowell, S. J., 2003, Response to comment on “Ascent of Dinosaurs linked ot an Iridium Anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary”: Science, v. 301, p. 169.

Onoue, T., Sato, H., Yamashita, D., Ikehara, M., Yasukawa, K., Fujinaga, K., Kato, Y., and Matsuoka, A., 2016, Bolid impact triggered the Late Triassic extinction event in equatorial Panthalassa: Scientific Reports, published online, 8pp.

Orcutt, J., Sahney, S., and Lloyd, G., 2007, Tetrapod extinction across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 27, supplement to n. 3, 67 annual meeting, The Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, p. 126a.

Ormo, J, and Lindstrom, M., 2000, When a cosmic impact strikes the sea bed: Geological Magazine, v. 137, v. 1, p. 67-80.

Orth, C. J., Gilmore, J. S., Knight, J. D., Pillmore, C. L., Tschudy, R. H., and Fassett, J. E., 19.., Science, v. 214, p. 1341-1343.

Orzack, S., Myhrvold, N., and Sivam, D., 2015, Dinosaur and mammalian extinction dynamics and their dependency of body size and life history: In: Meeting Program and Abstracts, SVP 75th Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 190.

Ostrom, J. H., 1967, Terrstrial vertebrates as indicators of Mesozoic climates: North American Paleontological convention, Journal of Paleontology, p. 894.

Ostrom, J. H., 1969, Terrestrial Vertebrates as Indicators of Mesozoic Climates: Proceedings of the North American Paleontological Convention, p. 347-376.

Otoo, B. J., 2023, Beneath the surface: community sturcture presitst through end-Devonian mass extinction despite morphological disparity among early tetrapods and multiple terrestrialziations within the crown group: In: 83rd Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Program Guide, p. 331.

Otoo, B., Coates, M. I,. Roopnarine, P., and Angielczyk, K. D., 2022, First steps under duress: ecological evacuation, expansion and exclusion following the end-Devonian mass enxintction: In: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 82nd Annual Meeting, SVP 2022 Program Guide, p. 259-260.

Osvald, K. S, 1998, An experimental framework model that seeks to use the K/T impact boundary event as an indirect experiment to test models of dinosaur biodiversity and environmental conditions at the end of the Cretaceous: Tate Geological Museum, Casper College, Casper Wyoming. Tate ’98. Life in the Cretaceous, p. 100.

P

Padian, K., 1985, Logcial and methodological fallacies in the study of Dinosaur "Extinctions": Abstracts of papers to be presented at the Meeting of the Rocky Mountain section of the Geological Society of America and associated Societies, Boise, Idaho, April 22-24, 1985, p. 209.

Padian, K., 1985, Logical and methodological fallacies in the study of dinosaur "extinction": Abstracts with programs 1985. 38th Annual Meeting Rocky Mountain section, The Geological Society of America, p. 260.

Padian, K., 1994, What were the tempo and mode of evolutionary change in the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic?: In: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, edited by Fraser, N. C., and Sues, H.-D., Cambridge University Press, p. 402-407.

Paladino, F. V., Dodson, P., Hammond, J. K., and Spotilia, J. R., 1989, Temperature-dependent sex determinatioin in Dinosaurs? Implicatiosn for Population dynamics and extinction: In; Paleobiology of the Dinosaurs, Edited by Farlow, J. O., Geological Society of America Special Paper, n. 238, p. 63-70.

Paladino, F. V., Spotila, J. R., and Dodson, P., 1987, Temperature dependent sex determination for reptiles and the implications for dinosaur population dynamics and possible extinction: The Geological Society of America, with the Pander Society and the Texas Section of NAGT, Abstracts with Programs, 1987, 21st Annual Meeting, South-Central Section, March 29-31, 1987, Waco Convention Center, Waco Texas, p. 175.

Palfy, J., Mortensen, J. K., Carter, E. S., Smith, P. L., Friedman, R. M., and Tipper, H. W., 2000, Timing the end-Triassic mass extinction: First on land, then in the sea?: Geology, v. 28, n. 1, p. 39-42.

Palfy, J., Smith, P. L., and Mortensen, J. K., 2002, Dating the end-Triassic and Early Jurassic mass extinctios, correlative large igneous provinces, and isotopic events: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 523-532.

Parsons, P. A., 1993, Stess, extinctions and evolutionary change: from the living organisms to fossils: Biological Review, v. 68, p. 313-333.

Parthasarathy, G., Bhandari, N, Vairamani, M., Kunwar, A. C., and Narasaiah, B., 2002, Natural fullerensis from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary layer at Anjar, Kutch, India: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 345-350.

Paul, C. R. C., and Mitchell S. F., 1994, Is famine a common factor in marine mass extinctions?: Geology, v. 22, p. 679-682.

Paul, G. S., 1989, Giant Meteor Impacts and Great Eruptions: Dinosaur Killers?: Bio Science, v. 39, n. 3, p. 16 2-172.

Paul, G. S., 1991, The many myths, some old, some new, of Dinosaurology: Modern Geology, Editor Beverly Halstead, Imperial Collage London. Special Issue, Dinosaur Studies, Commemorating the 150th Anniversary of Richard Owen's Dinosauria, p. 69-100.

Paul, G. S., 1994, Dinosaur reproduction in the fast lane: Implications for size, success, and extinction: In: Dinosaur Eggs and Babies, edited by Carpenter, K., Hirsch, K. F., and Horner, J. R., Cambridge University Press, p. 244-255.

Payne, A. R. D., Mannion, P. D., Lloyd, G. T., and Davis, K. E., 2023, Decoupling speciation and extinction reveals both abiotic and biotic drivers shaped 250 million yers of diversity in crocodile-line archosaurs: Nature Ecology & Evolution, published online, 22pp.

Payne, J. L., 2003, Applicability an dresolving power of statistical tests for simultaneous extinction events in the fossil record: Paleobiology, v. 29, n. 2, p. 37-51.

Payne, M. A., Wolberg, D. L., and Hunt, A. P., 1982, Magnetostratigraphy raton and San Juan basins, New Mexico. Implications for synchroneity of Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Events: The Geological Soceity of America, Abstracts with programs, 1982, 95th Annual Meeting, p. 584.

Pearson, D. A., Schaefer, T., Johnson, K. R., and Nichols, D. J., 1999, Vertebrate biostratrigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in Southwestern North Dakota: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, p. A72-A73.

Peng, Y., Yin, H., Wang, F., and Wang, S., 2001, A proposed area for the study of the accessory section and point of the terrestrial Permian-Triassic boundary: Albertiana, v. 26, p. 26-31.

Penner, M. M., 1985, The problem of Dinosaur extinction, contribution of the study of terminal Cretaceous eggshells from the Southeast France: Geobios, n. 18, fasc. 5, p. 665-669.

Pereda-Suberbiola, X., 1992, A revised census of European Late Cretaceous nodosaurids (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria): last occurrence and possible extinction scenarios: Terra Nova, v. 4, p. 641-648.

Perkins, S., 2000, A quick recovery after the dinosaur deaths: Science News, v. 159, p. 189.

Perkins, S., 2002, Presto, Change-O!, Extraterrestrial impacts transform Earth’s surface in an instant: Science News, v. 161, p. 378-380.

Perkins, S., 2002, Mangled microfossils may mark impact sites: Science News, v. 161, p. 382.

Perkins, S., 2002, Fossil leaves yield extinction clues: Science News, v. 162, p. 30.

Perkins, S., 2003, Killer Crater, shuttle-borne radar detects remnant of dino-killing impact: Science News, v. 163, p. 163-164.

Petersen, S. V., Dutton, A., and Lohmann, K. C., 2016, End-Cretaceous extinction in Antarctica linked to both Deccan volcanism and meteorite impace via climate change: Nature Communications, published online, 9 pp.

Peterson, G., 2002, Choked into extinction: Geotimes, December, 202, p. 6-7.

Pillmore, C. L., 1998, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in continental rocks: evidence for asteroid impact and mass extinction: The Dinofest Symposium, presented by The Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17-19, 1998, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Gittis, K., Miller, S., Carey, L., and Raynor, A., p. 47.

Pillmore, C. L., 1998, Dinosaur tracks near the K/T boundary – how close are they?: In: The Dinofest Symposium, Presented by. The Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17-19, 1998, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Gittis, K., Miller, S., Carey, L., and Raynor, A., p. 47.

Pino, M., Abarzua, A. M,. Astorga, G., Martel-Cea, A., Cossio-Montecinos, N,. Navarro, R. X., Lira, M. P., Labarca, R., LeCompte, M. A., Adedeji, V., Moore, C. R., Bunch, T. E., Mooney, C., Wolbach, W. S., West, A., and Kennett, J. P., 2019, Sedimentary record from Patagonia, southern Chile suports cosmic-impact triggering of biomass burning, climate change, and megafaunal extinctions at 12.8 ka: Scientific Reports, publishe donline, 27pp.

Pinsker, L. M., 2003, Seeing Chicxulub: Geotimes, April 2003, p. 10.

Pirosynski, K. A., 1976, Melanins as palaeobiological adn palaeoenvironmental indicators? In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 59-62.

Pollack, J. B., Toon, O. B., Ackerman, T. P., McKay, C. P., and Turco, R. P., 1983, Environmental Effects of an Impact-Generated Dust Cloud: Implications for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinctions: Science, v. 219, p.287-289.

Ponchelet, H., 1993, Sur les traces du tuer cosmique: Le Point, n. 1100, p. 60-61.

Poorna, C. P., and Creer, K. M., 1986, Geomagnetic reversal spurts and episodes of extraterrestrial catastrophism: Nature, v. 320, p. 148-150.

Pope, K. O., 1997, Reply to Shaprton V. L., 1997, Surface expression of the Chicxulub crater: Comment and Reply: Geology, June 1997, p. 568-569.

Pope, K. O., 2002, Impact dust not the cause of the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction: Geology, v. 30,n. 2, p. 99-102.

Prasad., G. V. R., and Khajuria, C. K., 1995, Implications of the infra- and inter-trappean biota from the Deccan, India, for the role of volcanism in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinctions: Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 152, p. 289-296.

Preisinger, A., Aslanian, S., Brandstatter, F., Grass, F., Stradner, H., and Summesberger, H., 2002, Cretaceous-Tertiary profile, rhythmic deposition, and geomagnetic polarity reversals of marine sediments near Bjala, Bulgaria: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 213-229.

Preisinger, A., Zobetz, E., Gratz, A. J., Lahodynsky, R., Becke, M., Mauritsch, H. J., Eder, G., Grass, F., Rogl, F., Stradner, H., and Surenian, R., 1986, The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in the Gosau Basin, Austria: Nature, v. 322, p. 794-799.

Pruss, S., Fraiser, M., and Botjier, D. J., 2004, Proliferation of Early Triassic wrinkle structures: implications for environmental stress following the end-Permian mass extinction: Geology, v. 32, n. 5, p. 461-464.

R

Raath, M. A., 1980, Dinosaur Extinction in the Cretaceous: A Celestial Grand Slam? South African Journal of Science, v. 76, p. 387-388.

Rage, J.-C., 1998, Latest Cretceous extinctions and environmental sex determination in reptiles: Bulletin de la societie geologiques de France, T. 169, Number 4: 479-483.

Rampino, M. R., 1995, Meteorites and Mass Extinctions, Impact Cataclysms and the Evolution of Life: Science Spectra, Issue 3, p. 40-43.

Rampino, M. R., 2002, Role of the galaxy in periodic impacts and mass extinctions on the Earth: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 667-678.

Rampino, M. R., and Caldeira, K., 2017, Correlation of the largest craters, stratigraphic impact signatures, and extinction events over the past 250 Myr: Geoscience Fronters, v. 8, p. 1241-1245.

Rampino, M. R., Caldeira, K., and Zhu, Y., 2020, A 27.5-My underlying peridodicity detected in extinction episodes of non-marine tetrapods: Historical Biology, published online, 7pp.

Rampino, M. R., Prokoph, A., Adler, A. C., and Schwindt, D. M., 2002, Abruptness of the end-Permian mass extinction as determined from biostratigraphic and cyclostratigraphic analysis of European western Tethyan sections: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 415-427.

Rampino, M. R. and Reynolds, R. C., 1983, Clay Mineralogy of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Clay: Science, v. 219, p. 495-498.

Rampino, M. R. and Reynolds, R. C., 1984, Reply to Bohor, B. F. 1984, Analysis of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Clay: Methodology Questioned: Science, v. 223, p. 191.

Rampino, M. R., and Shen, S.-Z., 2019, The end-Guadalupian (259.8 Ma) biodiversity crisis: the sixth major mass extinction? Historical Biology, published online, 7pp.

Rampino, M. R., and Stothers, R. B., 19 , Terrestrial mass extinctions, cometary impacts and the Sun's motion perpendicular to the galactic plane: Nature, v. 308, p. 709-717.

Rana, R. S., 1990, Palaeontology and Palaeoecology of the Intertrappean (Cretaceous-Tertiary transition) beds of the Peninsular India: Journal of the Palaeontological society of India, v. 35, p. 105-120.

Range, M. M., Arbic, B. K,. Johnson, B. C, Moore, T. C., Titov, V., Adrcoft, A. J,. Ansong, J. K., Hollis, C. J., Ritsem, J., Scotese, C. R., and Wang, H., 2022, The Cicxulub impact produced a powerful global tsunami: AGU Advancing Earth adn Sapce Sciences, Reseach Article, published online, 21pp.

Raup, D. M., 1992, Large-Body Impact: The least unlikely cause of pulsed extinction: In: Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, abstracts and program.,Field Museum of Natural History, June 28-July 1, 1992, edited by Lidgrard, S., and Carane, P. R., The Paleontological Society Special Publication, n. 6, p. 240.

Raup, D. M., 1982, Large Body Impacts and Terrestrial Evolution Meeting: Paleobiology, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1-3.

Raup, D. M., 1989, The case of extraterrestrial causes of extinction: In: Evolution and extinction, edited by Chaloner, W. G., and Hallam, A., Philosphical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B., p. 421-435.

Raup, D. M., and Boyajian, G. E., 1988, Patterns of generic extinction in the fossil record: Paleobiology, v. 14, n. 2, p. 109-125.

Raup. D. M, and Sepkoski, J. jr., 1984, Periodicity of extinctions in the geologic past: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, v. 81, p. 801-805.

Raven, P. H., 1976, A suggestion concerning the Cretaceous rise to dominance of the Angiosperms: Journal of Palaeontology, v. 50, p. 451-452.

Ravilious, K., 2002, Killer Blow: New Scientist, 4 May 2002, p. 28-31.

Reid, G. C., 1976, Stratospheric aeronomy and the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 75-88.

Reid, G. C., 1981, Comment on: asteroid extinction hypothesis: Science, v. 211, p. 650,653, 654.

Renard, M., and Rocchia R., 1984, Extinction des especes au Secondaire: la Terre dans un nuage interstellaire?: La Rechercehe, n. 153, p. 393-395.

Renne, P. R., Deino, A. L., Hilgen, F. J., Kuiper, K. F., Mark, D. F., Mitchell III, W. S., Morgan, L. E., Mundil, R., and Smit, J., 2013, Time scales of critical events around the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary: Science, v. 339, p. 684-687.

Rensberger, B., 1986, Death of Dinosaurs, The true story?: Science Digist, May, 1986, p. 28-35, 77-78.

Reolid, M., Ruebsam, W., and Benton, M. J., 2022, Dinosaur extinctions related to the Jenkyns event (early Toarcian, Jurassic): Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, v. 37, n. 2, p. 123-140.

Retallack, G. J., 2000, End Cretaceous acid rain as a selective extinction mechanisms between birds and dinosaurs: In: The Florida Symposium on Dinosaur Bird Evolution, Presented by the Florida Institute of Paleontology at the Graves Museum of Archaeology and Natural History, Dania Beach, Florida, USA, p. 23.

Retallack, G. J., 2004, End-Cretaceous acid rain as a selective extinction mechanism between birds and dinosaurs: In: Feathered Dragons. Studies on the transition from dinosaurs to birds, edited by Currie, P. J., Koppelhus, E. B., Shugar, M. A., and Wright, J. L., Indiana University Press, p. 35-64.

Retallack, G., and Leahy, G., 1986, Cretaceous-Tertiary Dinosaur Extinction: Science, v. 234, p. 1170-1171.

Retallack, G. J., Metzger, C. A., Grever, T., Jahren, A. H., Smith, R. M. H., and Sheldon, N. D., 2006, Middle-Late Permian mass extinction on land: GSA Bulletin, v. 118, n. 11/12, p. 1398-1411.

Retallack, G. J., Smith, R. M. H., and Ward, P. D., 2002, Paleosol and vertebrate extinction across the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin, South Africa: Annual meeting & exposition, Denver, 2002, p. 359.

Retallack, G. J., Smith, R. M. H., and Ward, P. D., 2003, Vertebrate extinction across Permian-Triassic boundary in Karoo Basin, South Africa: GSA Bulletin, v. 115, n. 9, p. 1133-1152.

Retallack, G., and Spoon, M. D., 1987, Ecosystem changes across the Cretaceous-Tertiary bounday in eastern Montana: In: Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, short papers, edited by Currie, P. J., and Koster, E. H., p. 193-198.

Rey, K., Day, M. O., Amiot, R,. Goedert, J., Lecuyer, C., Sealy, J., and Rubidge, B. S., 2018, Stable isotope record implicates aridification without warming during the late Capitanian mass extinction:In: Proceedings of the 20th Biennial Conference of the Palaeontological Society of Southern Africa, Bloemfontein, July 4 – July 6, 2018, p. 28-29.

Rice, A., 1990, The role of volcanism in K/T extinctions: The Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 244, p. 39-56.

Richmond, D. R., and Morris, T. H., 1994, The Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry, Mesa County, Colorado: A dual Cataclysmic Event: GSA Abstracts with Programs, 1994, p. A-60.

Richoz, S., van de Schootbrugge, B., Pross, J., Püttmann, W., Quan, T. M., Lindstrom, S., Heunisch, C., Fiebig, J., Maquil, R., Schouten, S., Hauzenberger, C. A., and Wignall, P. B., 2012, Hydrogen sulphide poisoning of shallow seas following the end-Triassic extinction: Nature Geoscience, published on line, 6pp.

Rigby, J. K. jr., The last of the North American Dinosaurs.

Rigby, J. K. jr., 1985, Paleocene Dinosaurs-the reworked sample question: The Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 1985, 38th Annual Meeting, Rocky Mountain Section, p. 262.

Rigby, J. K. jr., 1987, The last of the north American Dinosaurs: In: Dinosaurs Past and Present, v. 2, p. 118-135.

Rigby, J. K. jr., 1989, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary of the Bug Creek Drainage: Hell Creek and Tullock Formations, McCone and Garfield Counties, Montana. Mesozoic/Cenozoic Vertebrate Palaeontology: Classic Localities, Contemporary Approaches: American Geophysical Union, p. 67-73.

Rigby, J. K. jr., Snee, L. W., Unruh, D. M., Harlan, S. S., Rigby, J. K. Sr., and Kowalis, B. J., 1994, 40Ar/39 and UpPb dates for Dinosaur extinction, Nanxiong basin, Guongdong Province, Peoples Republic of China: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 114, (T19), p. A-296.

Robbins, J., 1991, The Real Jurassic Park. Out in Wyoming a chache of unusual bones is telling a remarkable tale of how the dinosaurs died-and it’s pointing a finger at a surprising serial killer: Discover, v. 12, n. 3, p. 52-59.

Robertson, D. S., McKenna, M. C., Toon, O. B., Hope, S., and Lillegraven, J. A., 2004, Survival in the first hours of the Cenozoic: GSA Bulletin, v. 116, n. 5/6, p. 760-768.

Robinson, N. D., 1995, Biogenic acid rain during the Late Cretaceous as a possible cause of extinctions: Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 152, p. 4-6.

Rogers, M., 1988, The Death of the Dinosaurs: Newsweek, v. 112, n. 25, p. 61.

Romano, C., Kriwet, J., Baal, C., and Brinkmann, W., 2014, Recovery from the Late Permian mass extinction: new insights from a neglected Early Triassic fish fauna from the Salt Range (Pakistan, Neotethys Realm): In: Meeting Program and Abstracts, 74th Meeting Berling, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 216.

Ros, C. A,. 2001, The concept of sequence evolution and sequence extinction: NAPC Abstracts, unnumbered.

Rouse, G. E., and Srivastava, S. K., 1972, Palynological Zonation of Cretaceous and Early Tertiary Rocks of the Bonnet Plume Formation, Northeastern Yukon, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 9, p. 1163-1179.

Roy, J.-R,. 1976, Variations of the luminosity of the sun and "super" solar flares: possible causes of extinctions: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 89-110.

Roy, J.-R,. and Russell, D., 1976, Introduction: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 5-10.

Rubidge, B., Day, M, Angielczyk, K., and Guven, S., 2011, Middle Permian biodiversity changes and the Guadalupian extinction on land: unraveling evidence for the Beaufort Group, South Africa: In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement to online Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 71st Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Paris Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, November 2-5, 2011, Program and Abstracts, p. 182.

Rucklidge, J. C., 1982, Accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) measurment of Pt and Ir at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: In: K-Tec II, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 39, p. 147-149.

Ruderman, M., and Truran, J. W., 1980, Possible transfer of lunar matter to Earth due to a nearby supernova: Nature, v. 284, p. 328-329.

Ruhl, M., Bonis, N. R., Reichart, G.-J., Damste, J. S. S., and Kürschner, W. M., 2011, Atmospheric carbon injection linked to end-Triassic mass extinction: Science, v. 333, p. 430-434.

Russell, D. A., 1971, The disappearence of the dinosaurs: Canadian Geographic Journal, v. 83, n. 6, p. 204-215.

Russell, D. A., 1977, Reptilian diversity across the Cretaceous-Palaeocene boundary: North American Paleontological Convention II, Abstracts of Papers. Journal of Paleontology, v. 51, supplement to n. 2, p. 23.

Russell, D. A., 1976, Mass Extinctions of Dinosaurs and Mammals: Nature Canada, v. 5 n. 2, p. 18-24.

Russell, D. A., 1976, The biotic crisis at the end of the Cretaceous period: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 11-24.

Russell, D. A., 1982, Dinosaur extinctions: American Scientist, v. 70, p. 566-567.

Russell, D. A., A Paleontological consensus on the extinction of the dinosaurs: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 190, p. 401-405.

Russell, D. A., 1982, The Mass Extinctions of the Late Mesozoic: Scientific American, v. 246, n. 1, p. 58-65.

Russell, D. A., 1984, The gradual decline of the dinosaurs-fact or fallacy?: Nature, v. 307, p. 360-361.

Russell, D. A., 1987, A note on the terminal Cretaceous nodosaurids of North America: Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, v. 7, n. 1, p.102.

Russell, D. A., and Bonaparte, J. F., 1997, Dinosaurian Faunas of the Later Mesozoic. Chapter 41. Part Five: In: The Complete Dinosaur, edited by Farlow, J. O., and Brett-Surman, M. K., Indiana University Press, p. 644-661.

Russell, D. A., and Dodson, P., 1997, The Extinction of the Dinosaurs: A Dialogue between a Catastraophist and a Gradualist. Chapter 41. Part Five: In: The Complete Dinosaur, edited by Farlow, J. O., and Brett-Surman, M. K., Indiana University Press, p. 662-672.

Russell, D. A., Russell, D. E., and Sweet, A. R., 1993, The end of the Dinosaurian Era in the Naxiong, Basin: Vertebrata PalAsiatica, v. 31, n. 2, p. 141-145.

Russell, D. A., and Sighn, C., 1978, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in south-cental Alberta- a reapparaisal based on dinosaurian and microfloral extinctions: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 15, p. 284-292.

Russell, D. A., and Tucker, W., 1971, Supernovae and the Extinction of the Dinosaurs: Nature, v. 229, p. 553-554.

Russell, L. S., 1965, Body temperature of dinosaurs and its realationship to their extinction: Journal of Paleontology, v. 39, n. 3, p. 497-501.

Russell, L. S., 1966, The changing environment of the dinosaurs in North America: Adv. Sci., v. 23, n. 10, p. 197-204.

Russell, L. S., 1967, Comment on the above: Journal of Paleontology, v. 41, p. 267.

Russell, L. S., 1973, Geological Evidence on the Extinction of some Large Terrestrial Vertebrates: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 10, p. 140-145.

Russell, L. S., 1979, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary problem: Episodes, v. 1979, n. 4, p. 21-24.

Ruta, M., and Benton, M. J., 2007, Calibrated diversity, tree topology and the mother of mass extinctions: the lesson of temnospondyls: 55th Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy and 16th Symposium of Palaeontological preparation and conservation held at the University of Glascow, abstracts and presentations, p. 26.

Ruta, M., and Benton, M. J., 2008, Calibrated diversity, tree topology and the mother of mass extinctions: the lesson of Temnospondyls: Palaeontology, v. 51, part 6, p. 1261-1288.

Ruta, M., Benton, M., and Surkov, M., 2008, Anomodont diversity and disparity and the end Permian extinction: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 28, supplement to no. 3, Program and Abstracts, 68th Annual Meeting , Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Case Western Reserve University, Renaissance Cleveland Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio USA, October 15-18, p. 135a.

Ruta, M., Cisneros, J. C., Liebrecht, T., Tsuji, L. A., and Muller, J., 2011, Amniotes through major biological crises: fuanal turnover among parareptiles and the end-Permian mass extinction: Palaeontology, v. 54, part 5, p. 1117-1137.

Puttick, M. N,. Kriwet J,. Wen, W., Hu, S., Thomas, G. H., and Benton, M. J., 2017, Body length of bony fishes was ot a selective factor during the biggest mass extinction of all time: Palaeontology, v. 60, part 5, p. 727-741.

S

Sahni, A., 1984, Cretaceous-Paleocene Terrestrial Faunas of India: Lack of Endemism During Drifting of the Indian Plate: Science, v. 226, p. 441-443.

Sahni, A., 1984, Upper Cretaceous-Early Palaeogene palaeobiogeography of India based on terrestrial vertebrate faunas: Memoris de la Societe Geologique de France, new series, n. 147, p. 125-137.

Sahni, A., 1988, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary events: Mass extinctions, Iridium enrichment and Deccan Volcanism: Current Science, v. 57, n. 10, p. 513-519.

Sahni, A., and Bajpai, S., 1988, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary events: the fossil vertebrate, palaeomagnetic and radiometric evidence from Peninsular India: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 32, p. 382-396.

Sahni, A., Rana, R. S., and Prasad, G. V. R., 1984, Sem studies of thin egg shell fragments from the Intertrappeans (Cretaceous-Tertiary transition) of Nagpur, and Asifabad, Peninsular India: Journal of the Palaeontological society of India, v. 29, p. 26-33.

Sahni, A., Kumar, K., Hartenberger, J-L., Jaeger, J.-J., Rage, J.-C., Sudre, J., and Vianey-Liaud, M., 1982, Microverbres nouveaux des Trapps du Deccan (Inde): mise en evidence d'une vie de communication terrestre probable entre la Laurasie et l'Ine a la limite Cretace-Tertiarie: Bulletin de la societie geologiques de France, v. 7, tomo 24, n. 5-6, p. 1093-1099.

Saito, T., Yamanoi, T., and Kaiho, K., 1986, End-Cretaceous devastation of terrestrial flora in the boreal Far East: Nature, v. 323, p. 253-255.

Säilä, L. K., 2009, The interrelatinoships, paleobiogeography and the P-Tr extinction event survival rate of the parareptile clade procolophonoidea: In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 29, supplement to n. 3, 69th Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and 57th Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy (SPVCA): 174a.

Sallan, L., Kim, J., and Sanson, I. J., 2018, Mass extinction and habitat shifts enabled the mid-Paleozoic diversification of vertebrates: In: 78th Annual Meeting, Meeting Program and Abstracts, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 208-209.

Sallan, L., and Galimberti, A., 2014, Ecologically driven 'Cope's Rule' size increases in Devonian Fishes reversed by end-Devonian mass extinction: In: Meeting Program and Abstracts, 74th Meeting Berling, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 219-220.

Sandberg, C. A., Morrow, J. R., and Ziegler, W., 2002, Late Devonian sea-level changes, catastrophic events and mass extinctions: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 473-487.

Sander, P. M., Aberhan, M., Gravendyck, J., Kindlimann, R., Konietzko-Meier, D., Schobben, M., Schwermann, A. M., and Wintrich, T., 2019, A new Rhaetian bonebed form Germany: implications for the end-Triassic Extinctions in the marine realm: In: 79th SVP Annual meeting, Brisbane, Queensland Australia, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 186.

Sankey, J. T., 2000, Late Cretaceous theropod dinosaur diversity: latitudinal differences in North America and implications for the K/T extinctions: Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions- Impacts and Beyond, Catastrophic Events Conference, Abstracts, 3148.pdf (1 page)

Sankey, J. T., 2006, Separating terrestrial from extraterrstrial effects on K/T extinctions: changes in vertebrates and climate during last 10 million years f Cretaceous in southern North America: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 26, supplement to n. 3, Sixty-sixth annual meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, October 18-21, p. 119a.

Sarjent, W. A. S., 1990, Astrogeological events and Mass Extinctions: Global crises or Scientific Chimaerae?: Modern Geology, v. 15, p. 101-112.

Sarjent, W. A. S., and Currie, P. J., 2001, The “Great extinction” that never happened: the demise of the dinosaurs considered: In: Impacts and mass extinctions: papers in honor of Glen Caldwell, edited by Cooper, P., and Jin, J., Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 38, p. 239-247.

Schopf, T. J. M., 1982, Extinction of the dinosaurs: a 1982 understanding: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 190, p. 415-422.

Schubert, J. K., and Bottjer, D. J., 1992, Rebound from the Permian/Triassic Mass Extinction: Evolutionary paleoecology of Sequential Early Triassic (Smithian to Spathian) Marine Paleocommunites: In: Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, abstracts and program, Field Museum of Natural History, June 28-July 1, 1992, edited by Lidgrard, S., and Carane, P. R., The Paleontological Society Special Publication, n. 6, p. 261.

Schulte, P., Alegret, L., Arenillas, I., Arz, J. A., Barton, P. J., Bown, P. R., Bralower, T. J., Christeson, G. L., Clays, P., Cockett, C. S., Collins, G. S., Deutsch, A., Goldin, T. J., Goto, K., Grajales-Nishimura, J. m., Grieve, R. A. F., Gulick, S. P. S., Johnson, K. R., Kiessling, W., Koebert, C., Kring, D. A., MacLeod, K. G., Matsui, T., Melosh, J., Montanari, A., Morgan, J. V., Neal C. R., Nichols, D. J., Norris, R. D., Pierazzo, E., Ravizza, G., Rebolledo-Vieyra, M,. Reimold, W. U., Robin, E., Salge, T., Speijer, R. P., Sweet, A. R., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Vajda, V., Whalen, M. T., and Willumsen, P. S., 2010, The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary, Science, v. 327, p. 1214-1218.

Schultz, P. H., 2003, Impact melt and glass as a tool for benchmarking the stratigraphic record in Argentina: In: XIX Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Buenos Aires, 12 al 16 de mayo del 2003, Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, Ameghiniana, t. 40, n. 4 Supplemento, p. 93R.

Schuraytz, B. C., Sharpton, V. L., and Marin, L. E., 1994, Petrology of Impact melt rocks at the Chicxulub multring basin, Yuatan, Mexico: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 122, (T37), p. A-334.

Schwab, D., 1991, Dinosaur dilemna: The Daily Californian, Sunday November 3, 1992, p. D1.

Schwartz, R. D., and James, P. B., 1984, Periodic mass extinctions and the Sun's oscillation about the galatic plane: Nature, v 308, p. 712-713.

Schwartz, S., 1981, Twilight of the Dinosaurs?: The Conservationist, Sept-Oct, 1981, p. 30-34.

Scott, A. C., Lomax, B. H., Collinson, M. E., Upchurch, G. R., and Beerling, D. J., 2000, Fire across the K-T boundary: initial results from the Sugarite Coal, New Mexico, USA: In: Special Issue, Fire and the Palaeoenvironment, edited by Scott, A. C., Moore, J., and Brayshay, B., Paleogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 164, p. 381-395.

Seilacher, A., 1998, Lessons from the past: macroevolutionary patterns induced by climatic regimes and catastrophic events: In: The Dinofest Symposium, presented by The Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17-19, 1998, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Gittis, K., Miller, S., Carey, L., and Raynor, A., p. 53.

Sepkoski, J. J., jr. 1989, Periodicity in extinction and the problem of catastrophism in the history of life: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 146, p. 7-19.

Sepkoski, J. J., jr., 1990, 2.12 Mass Extinction: Process. 2.12.3. Periodicity: In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, P. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 164-179.

Sepkoski, J. J., jr., 1994, Extinction and the Fossil Record: Geotimes, March, p. 15-17.

Sereno, P. C., 1998, Dinosaurian biogeography: vicariance, dispersal or regional extinction?: In: Second Symposium Gondwana Dinosaurs. 12-13 July, 1998. National Science Museum, Tokoyo. Abstracts with Program, convened and edited by Tomida, Y., Rich, T. H., and Vickers-Rich, P., p. 23.

Shaprton, V. L., 1997, Surface expression of the Chicxulub crater: Comment and Reply: Geology, June 1997, p. 567-568.

Shaprton, V. L., Burke, K., Camargo-Zanoguera, A., Hall, S. A., Lee, D. S., Marin, L. E., Suarez-Reynoso, G., Quezada-Muenton, J. M., Spudis, P. D., and Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., 1993, Chicxulub Multiring Impact Baisn: Size and Other Characteristics Derived from Gravity Analysis: Science, v. 261, p. 1564-1567.

Sharpton, V. L., Dalrymple, G. B., Martin, L. E., Ryder, G., Schuraytz, B. C., and Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., 1992, New links between the Chicxulub impact structure and the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 359, p. 819-821.

Shaprton, V. L., and Schuraytz, B. C., 1994, Chicxulub eject a deposits: hteir importance for understanding the size and devastationfo the KT impcact event: GSA Abstracts with programs, A-334.

Sheehan, P. M., 1994, The Extinction of Dinosaurs: In: Dino Fest, edited by Rosenberg, G. D., and Wolberg, D. L., The Paleontological Society Special Publication Number 7, 1994, series editor Spencer R. S., p. 411-423.

Sheehan, P. M., and Fastovsky, D. E., 1993, Reply to Archibald, J. D. (Major Extinctions of land-dwelling vertebrates at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, eastern Montana: Comment and Reply): Geology, January, p. 92-93.

Sheehan, P. M., and Fastovsky, D. E., 1996, K/T extinction myths and the reality of the fossil record: In: Dinofest International Symposium, programs and abstracts, edited by Wolberg, D. L., and Stump, E., Arizona State University, p. 102.

Sheehan, P. M., Fastovsky, D. E., and Barreto, C., 2001, Interpreting the record of dinosaur extinction in the Hlle Creek Formation: avoiding signor-lipps and other biostrtigraphical problems: NAPC Abstracts unnumbered.

Sheehan, P. M., Fastovsky, D. E., Barreto, C., and Hoffmann, R. G., 2000, Dinosaur abundance was not declining in a “3 m gap” at the top of the Hell Creek Formation, Montana, and North Dakota: Geology, v. 28, n. 6, p. 523-526.

Sheehan, P. M., Fastovsky, D. E., Hoffmann, R. G., and Barreto, C. B., 1996, No statistical support for sudden (or gradual) extinction of dinosaurs: Geology, October 1996, p. 957-958.

Sheehan, P. M., Fastovsky, D. E., Bareeto, C., and Hoffmann, R. G., 1999, Does a ‘three-meter gap’ at the top of the Hell Creek Formation indicate Dinosaurs were declining prior to the boloid impact?: GSA Annual Meeting, Denver 1999, p. A-473.

Sheehan, P. M., and Morse, C. L., 1986, Cretaceous-Tertiary dinosaur extinction (reply to Sloan et al. 1986): Science, v. 234, p. 1171-1172.

Shen, J., Zhang, Y. G., Yang, H., Xie, S., and Pearson, A., 2022, Early and late phases of the Permina-Triassic mass extinction marked by diferent atmospheric CO2 regimes: Nature geoscience, published online, 11pp.

Shen, S.-Z., and Bowring, S. A., 2014, The end-Permian mass extinction: a still unexplained catastrophe: National Science Review, v. 1, n. 4, p. 492-495.

Shen, S.-Z., Crowley, J. L., Wang, Y., Bowring, S. A., Erwin, D. H., Sadler, P. M., Cao, C.-Q., Rothman, D. H., Henderson, S. M., Ramezani, J., Zhang, H., Shen, Y., Wang, X-D., Wang, W., Mu, L., Li, W.-Z., Tang, Y.-G., Liu, X.-L., Liu, L.-J., Zeng, Y., Jiang, Y.-F., and Jin, Y.-G., 2011, Calibrating the end-Permian mass extinction: Science, v. 334, p. 1367-1372.

Sidor, C. A., Vilhena, D. A., Angielczyk, K. D., Nesbitt, S. J., and Beecook, B. R., 2012, A network approach to studying faunal provinces across southern Pangea during the Permian and Triassic: In: 72nd Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, supplement to the online journal of paleontology, October, 2012, p. 171.

Shoemaker, E. M., Populations of Earth-crossing bodies. Earth-Crossing Asterioids: p. 462-494.

Shoemaker, E. M., 1983, Asteroid and comet bombardment of the Earth: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 11, p. 461-494.

Shukla, A. D., Bhandari, N, and Shukla, P. N., 2002, Chemical signatures of the Permian-Triassic transitional environment in Spiti Valley, India: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 445-453.

Shuvalov, V. V., and Artemieva, N. A., 2002, Atmospheric erosiaon and radiation impulse induced by impacts: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 695-703.

Simoes, T. R., Vernygora, O., Caldwell, M. W., and Pierce, S. E., 2019, Reptile macroevolutionary dynamics across the Permian-Triassic mass extinction and the emergence of new body plans: In: 79th SVP Annual meeting, Brisbane, Queensland Australia, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 192.

Smart, M. S., Filippelli, G., Gilhooly III, W. P., Ozaki, K,. Reinhard, C. T., Marshall, J. E. A., and Whiteside, J. H., 2023, The expansion of land plants during the Late Devonian contributed to the mairne mass extinction: Communications Earth & Environment, v. 4:449, 13pp.

Smith, G. A., 1996, Studies on the postulated Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary mass extinction: Palaeontological Association Annual Conference, 40th Annual Meeting, Lapworth Museum, Univeristy of Birmingham, p. 18.

Smith, R. M. H., and Ward, P. D., 2001, Pattern of vertebrate extinctions across an event bed at the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa: Geology, v. 29, n. 12, p. 1147-1150.

Smith, R. H. H., and Ward, P. D., 2002, Pattern of vertebrate extinctions across an event bed at the Permian/Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 22, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Sixty-second annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman Oklahoma, October 9-12, p. 109a.

Simon, C., 1981, Clues in the Clay: Science News, v. 120, n. 20, p. 314-315.

Simon, C., 1982, Impacts and Rare Metals: Searching for Evidence: Science News, v. 121, p. 340.

Simon, C., 1984, Mass extinctions and sister stars: Science News, v. 125, n. 8, p. 116.

Simon, C., 1984, New findings establish impact: Science News, v. 125, n. 13, p. 197.

Simon, C., 1984, Death star: Science News, v. 125, n. 16, p. 249-252.

Simpson, G. G., 1932, The supposed association of Dinosaurs with Mammals of Tertiary type in Patagonia: American Museum Novitiates, n. 566, p. 1-21.

Simms, M. J., Ruffell, A. H., and Johnson, A. L. A., 1994, Biotic and climatic changes in the Carnian (Triassic) of Europe and adjacent areas: In: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, edited by Fraser, N. C., and Sues, H.-D., Cambridge University Press, p. 352-365.

Siraj, A., and Loeb, A., 2021, Breakup of a long-period comet as the origin of teh dinosaur extinction: Scientific Reports, 11:3803, 5pp.

Sloan, R. E., 1964, Paleoecology of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Transition in Montana: Science, v. 146, p. 430.

Sloan, R. E., 1976, The Ecology of Dinosaur Extinction: In: Athlon, Essays on Palaeontology in Honour of Loris Shano Russell, edited by Churcher, C. S., Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences, Miscellaneous Publications, p. 134-154.

Sloan, R. E., 1985, Gradual extinction of the Latest Cretaceous Dinosaurs in the Hell Creek Formation, McCone, Montana: Geological Society of America, Abstracts and Programs, 38th Annual Mtg. Rocky Mountain Section, p. 265.

Sloan, R. E., 1994, Pele III, Plate Tectonics, Atmospheric and Biotic Evolution: The Geological Society of America, 1994 Abstracts with Programs, 27th Annual North-Central Section, p. 61.

Sloan, R. E., 1996, Plate tectonics and th radiations/extinctions of Dinosaurs, the Pele Hypothesis: In: Dinofest International Symposium, programs and abstracts, edited by Wolberg, D. L., and Stump, E., Arizona State University, p. 103.

Sloan, R. E., 1997, Plate Tectonics and the Radiations/Extinctions of Dinosaurs; the Pele Hypothesis: In: Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium sponsered by Arizona State University. A Publication of The Academy of Natural Sciences, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Stump, E., and Rosenberg, G., p. 533-539.

Sloan, R. E., and Rigby, J. K. jr., 1986, Response to Science, v. 234, p. 1173-175.

Sloan, R. E., and Rigby, J. K. jr., 1986. Response to G. Retallack, Science, v. 234, p. 1170-1175.

Sloan, R. E., Rigby, J. K. jr., Van Valen, L. M., and Gabriel, D., 1986, Gradual Dinosaur Extinction and Simultaneous Ungulate Radiation in the Hell Creek Formation: Science, v. 232, p. 629-633.

Smit, J., 1980, Terminal Cretaceous castastrophe: Nature, v. 287, p. 760.

Smit, J., 1991, Where did it happen?: Nature, v. 349, p. 461-462.

Smit, J., and Hertogen, J., 1980, An extraterrestrial event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 285, p. 198-200.

Smit, J., and Klaver, G., 1981, Sanidine spherules at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary indicate a large impact event: Nature, v. 292, p. 47-49.

Smit, J. and Kyte F. T., 1984, Siderophile-rich magnetic spheroids from the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in Umbria, Italy: Nature, v. 310, p. 403-405.

Smit, J., and Ten Kate, W. G. H. Z., 1982, Trace-element Patterns at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary-Consequences of a Large Impact: Cretaceous Reserach, v. 3, p. 307-322.

Smit, J., and Van Der Kaars, W. A., and Rigby, J. K. jr., 1987, Sratigraphic aspects of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in teh Bug Creek area of eastern Montana, U.S.A: Memoris de la Societe Geologique de France, new series, v. 150, p. 53-73.

Smith, R., 2011, Lost World, did a giant impact 200 million years ago trigger a mass extinction and pave the way for the dinosaurs? Nature, v. 479, p. 287-289.

Smith, R. M. H., 1995, Changing fluvial environments across the Perman-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin, South Africa and possible causes of tetrapod extinctions: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoceology, v. 117, p. 81-104.

Smith, R., and Botha, J., 2005, The recovery of terrestiral vertebrate diversity in the South African Karoo Basin after the end-Permian extinction: Comptes Rendus Palevol, v. 4, p. 555-568.

Smith, R. H. M., and Botha-Brink, J., 2011, Anatomy and extinction: End-Permian drought induced die-off in the Karoo Basin, South Africa: In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement to online Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 71st Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Paris Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, November 2-5, 2011, Program and Abstracts, p. 196-197.

Solovaya, N. A., and Pittich, E. M., 2002, Possible sources of Earth crossers: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 651-657.

Song, H, Wignall, P. B., Tong, J., and Yin, H., 2012, Two pulses of extinction during the Permian-Triassic crisis, Natur Geoscience, published on line, 5pp.

Soria, A., R., Liesa, M. P., Arz, J. A., Alegert, L., Arenillas, I., and Melendez, A., 2002, reply to Keller, G., Stinnesbeck, W., and Adatte, T., 2002, Slumping and a sandbar deposit at the Cretaaceous-Tertiary boundary in the El Tecolote section (northeastern Mexico): an impact-induced sediment gravity flow, Comment: Geology, April, 2002, p. 383.

Soul, L. C., and Friedman, M., 2017, Bias in phylogenetic measurments of extinction and a case study of end-Permian tetrapods: Palaeontology, v. 60, part 2, p. 169-185.

Spencer, R. A., 1989, Plants at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary: In: Evolution and extinction, edited by Chaloner, W. G., and Hallam, A,. Philosphical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B., p. 291-305.

Staron, R. M., Grandstaff, B. S., Gallagher, W. B., and Grandstaff, D. E., 2001, REE signatures in vertebrate fossils from Sewell, NJ: implications for location of the K-T boundary: Palaios, v. 16, p. 255-265.

Stinnesbeck, W., and Kellner, G., 1994, K-T boundary channel deposits in NE Mexico: Catastrophic or “nomral” depostion?: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session v. 114, (T19), p. A-296-297.

Stanley, S. M., 1984, Temperature and biotic crises in the marine realm: Geology, v. 12, p. 205-208.

Stanley, S. M., 1984, Mass Extinctions in the Ocean: Scientific American, v. 250, n. 6, p. 64-72.

Stanley, S. M., 1994, Extinctions-or, Which Way Did They Go? Earth, the science of our planet: In: Earth Science Reader, A Wm. C. Brown Publishers, p. 106-115.

Steiner, M. B., Eshet, Y., Rampino M. R., and Schwindt, D. M., 2001, Simultaenous Permo-Triassic boundary marine and terrestrial mass extinctions: the global fungal spike discovered in the Karroo supergroup (South Africa): GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition Abstracts, v. 33, n. 6, p. A-201.

Sternberg, C. M., 1921, A popular description of Dinosaurs: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 35, n. 4, p. 61-66.

Stets, J., Erben, H. K., Hahn, G., Hambach, U., Krumsiek, K., Thein, J., and Wurster, P., 1996, The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Nanxiong Basin (Continental facies, southeast China): In: Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinctions, biotic and environmental changes, edited by Macleod, N., and Keller, G., W. W. Norton & Company, p. 349-371.

Steyer, J. S., Angielczyk, K. D., Sidor, C. A., Smith, R. M., Peecook, B. R., Beightol, C., Tabor, N. J., and Tolan, S., 2015, The amphibans awaken: new temnospondyls from Tanzania and Zambia illustrate changes in amphibian diversity before and after the mother of mass extinctions: In: Meeting Program and Abstracts, SVP 75th Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 217.

Steyer, J. S., Sidor, C., and Hammer, W., 2013, Triassic temnospondyls from Antarctica illustate the recovery of high-latitude faunas after the Permo-Triassic extinction: In: Program and Abstracts, 73rd Meeting Los Angeles, CA., Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement to online Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, p. 219.

Stidham, T., 2008, Extinction of birds at the end of the Cretaceous Chronostratigraphic data: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 28, supplement to no. 3, Program and Abstracts, 68th Annual Meeting , Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Case Western Reserve University, Renaissance Cleveland Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio USA, October 15-18, p. 146a-147a.

Stinnesbeck, W., Keller, G., Adatte, T., Lopex-Olivia, J. G., and MacLoad, N., 1996, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clastic deposits in northeastern Mexico: impact tsunami or sea-level lowstand? In: Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinctions, biotic and environmental changes, edited by Macleod, N., and Keller, G., W. W. Norton & Company, p. 471-517.

Stinnesbeck, W., Keller, G., Schulte, P., Stuben, D., Berner, Z,. Kramar U., and Guadalupe Lopex-Oliva, J., 2002, The Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary transition at Coxquihui, state o fVeracruz, Mexico: evidence for an early Danian impact event? Journal of South American Journal fo Earth Sciences, v. 15, p. 497-509.

Stokstad, E., 2008, Steady on: Science, v. 322, p. 671.

Stout, S., 1986, Why the Dinosaurs Became Extinct: Fossils Quarterly, 1986, p. 1-6.

Stowe, M. A., 2001, The Dinosaur Killer: Dinosaur Magazine, p. 9.

Stubbs, P. G., and Wick, G., 1969, Did substandard eggs destroy the dinosaurs: New Scientist, v. 44, n. 673, p. 223.

Stuben, D., Kramer, U., Berner, Z., Eckhardt, J.-D., Stinnesbeck, W., Keller, G., Adatte, T., and Heide, K., 2002, Two anomalies of platinum group elemen above Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Beloc, Haiti: geochemical context and consequences for the imackt scerario, In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 163-188.

Suarez, C., Choiniere, J. N., Bordy, E. M., Viglietti, P. A., and Sharman, G., 2018, Multi-proxy aproaches to elucidate chronostratigraphic and palaeoclimatic records of the end Triassic extinctin event at low versus high latitudes: In: Proceedings of the 20th Biennial Conference of the Palaeontological Society of Southern Africa, Bloemfontein, July 4 – July 6, 2018, P. 6.

Sues, H.-D., 1997, Continental Tetrapods of the Early Mesozoic. Chapter 40. Part Five: In: The Complete Dinosaur, edited by Farlow, J. O., and Brett-Surman, M. K., Indiana University Press, p. 627-643.

Sullivan, R. M., 1996, The Many Mythso of Dinosaur Extinction: Notes from Underground, v. 10, Issue 1, p. 1-2.

Sullivan, R. M., 1996, The many myths of dinosaur extinctions: decoupling dinosaur extinction from the asteroid impact: In: Dinofest International Symposium, programs and abstracts, edited by Wolberg, D. L., and Stump, E., Arizona State University, p. 105.

Sullivan, R. M., 1998, The many myths of Dinosaur extinction: decoupling dinosaur extinction from the Asteroid impact: In: The Dinofest Symposium, presented by The Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17-19, 1998, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Gittis, K., Miller, S., Carey, L., and Raynor, A., p. 58-59.

Sullivant, R., 1997, Flapping Through the Bottleneck: Earth, v. 6, n. 6, p. 22-23.

Sun, Y., Joachimski, M. M., Wignall, P. B., Yan, C., Chen, Y., Jiang, H, Wang, L,. and Lai, X., Lethally hot temperatures during the Early Triassic greenhouse: Science, v. 338, p. 366-370.

Surlyk, F., 1980, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event: Nature, v. 285, p. 187-188.

Surlyk, F., 1990, 2.12.3 Mass Extinction: Events. 2.13.6 Cretaceous-Tertiary (Marine): In: Palaeobiology, edited by Briggs, D. E. C., and Crowther, P. R., Blackwell Sientific Publications, p. 198-203.

Surlyk, F., and Johansen, M. B., 1984, End-Cretaceous Brachipod Extinctions in the Chalk of Denmark: Science, v. 223, p. 1174-1177.

Sutherland, F. L., 1988, Demise of the dinosaurs and other denizens – by cosmic clout, volcanic vapour or other means: Journal and Proceedings, Royal Society of New South Wales,v .121, p. 123-164.

Sutherland, F. L., 1994, Volcanism around K/T boundary time-its role in an impact scenario for the K/T extinct events: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 36, p. 1-26.

Svetsov, V. V., 2002, Comment on “Extraterrestrial impacts and wildfires”: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 185, p. 403-405.

Svetsov, V. V., 2002, Grazin meteoroids could ignite continental-scale fires: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 685-694.

Swinburne, N., 1993, It came from outer space: New Scientist, v. 137, n. 1861, p. 28-32.

T

Tada, R., Nakano, Y., Iturralde-Vinent, M. A., Yamamoto, S., Kamata, T., Tajika, E., Toyoda, K., Kiyokawa, S., Garcia Delgado, D., Oji, T., Goto, K., Takayama, H., Rojas-Consuegra, R., and Matsui, T., 2002, Complex tsunami waves suggested by the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary deposit at the Moncada section, western Cuba: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 109-123.

Tanke, D. H., and Rothschold, B. M., 2002, Dinosaures: An annotated bibliography of dinosaur paleopathology and related topics –1838-2001: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Sciences, bulletin 20, 96pp.

Tappan, H., 1968, Primary production, isotopes, extinctions and the atomosphere: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 4, p. 187-210.

Tegner, C., Marzoli, A., McDonald, I., Youbi, N., and Lindstrom, S., 2020, Platinum-group elements link the end-triassic mass extinction and the central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Scientific Reports, published online, 8pp.

Telles-Antunes, M., and Sigogneau-Russell, D., 1996, Le Cretace terminal portugais et son apport au problem de l’extinction des dinosaurs: Bulletin du Museum natinoal d’Histoire naturel, Paris, v ser, v. 18, section C, n. 4, p. 595-606.

Tennant, J. P., Mannion, P. D., and Upchurch, P., 2016, A hidden extinction in tetrapods at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary? In: Progressive Palaeontology, Oxford 2016, 19th -2nd May, Abstract Booklet, p. 26.

Terry Jr., D. O., Chamberlain Jr., J. A., Stoffer, P. W., Messina, P., and Jannett, P. A., 2001, Marine Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary section in southwestern South Dakota: Geology, v. 29, n. 11, p. 1055-1058.

Terry Jr., D. O., Chamberlain Jr., J. A., Stoffer, P. W., Messina, P., and Jannett, P. A., 2002, reply to Harries, P. J., Johnson, K. R., Cobban, W. A., and Nichols, D. J, 2002, Marine Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary section in southwestern South Dakota: Geology, p. 955-956.

Thaler, L., 1965, Fin du Secondaire: vauges de froid? Les oeufs des Dinosaures du Midi de la France livrent le secret de leur extinction: La Nature, v. 93, n. 1, p. 41-48.

Therrien, F., Zelenitsky, D. K., and Weisphampel, D. B., 2009, Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Late Cretaceous Sanpetru Formation (Hateg Basin, Romania) using paleosols and implications for the "dissappearance" of dinosaurs: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaecology, v. 272, p. 37-52.

Thierstein, H. R., 1980, Cretaceous oceanic catastrophism: Paleobiology, v. 6, n. 3, p. 244-247.

Thierstein, H. R., and Berger, W. H., 1978, Injection events in ocean history: Nature, v. 276, p. 461-466.

Thomson, D. E., 1984, An orbit for nemesis: Science News, v. 125, p. 56.

Thomson, D. E., 1985, Nemesis: Searching for the sun's deadly companion star: Science News, v. 126, p. 134.

Thomson, K. S., 1976, Explanation of large scale extinctions of lower vertebrates: Nature, v. 261, p. 578-580.

Thulborn, T. A., 2003, Comment on “Ascent of Dinosaurs linked ot an Iridium Anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary”: Science, v. 301, p. 169.

Tobin, T. S., Ward, P. D., Steig, E. J., Olivero, E. B., Hilburn, I. A., Mitchell, R. N., Diamond, M. R., Raub, T. D., and Kirschvink, J. L., 2012, Extinction patterns, &18 O trends, and magnestostratigraphy from a southern high-latitude Cretaceous-Paleogene section: links with Deccan volcanism: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 350-352, p. 180-188.

Tokaryk, T. T., 1992, The extinction and survival of birds -- 65 million years ago: Blue Jay, v. 50, n. 1, p. 1-4.

Toljagic, O., and Butler, R. J., 2013, Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction as trigger for the Mesozoic radiation of Crocodylomorphs: Biology Letters, published on line, 4pp.

Tolmachoff, L. P., 1928, Extinction and extermination: Bulletin of the Geological Socity of America, v. 39, p. 1131-1148.

Toon, O. B., Turco, R. P., McKay, C. P., and Liu, M. S., 1981, Dinosaurs and dust: evolution of an impact-generated dust cloud and its effect on the atmosphere: EOS, v. 62, n. 45, p. 886.

Torbett, M. V., and Smoluchowski, R., 1984, Orbital stability of the unseen solar companion linked to periodic extinction events: Nature, v. 311, p. 641-642.

Trapman, T., Wills, M A., and Cooper, N., 2021, The impact of mass extinctions on the morphological disparity of vertebrates: In: 65th Palaeontological Association Annual Meeting, Abstract volume, p. 47-48.

Trenn, T. J., 1982, (comment on Archibald, J. D., & Clemens, W. A., 1982): American Scientist, v. 70, n. 6, p. 568.

Tucker, W. H., 1976, The effect of a nearby supernova explosion on the Cretaceous-Tertiary environments: In: K-Tec, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial adn extraterrestrial causes, Syllogeus, n. 12, p. 111-124.

Turner, P., Cornelius, C., and Clarke, P., 2003, Catastrophic sedimentation in the Mid-Maasrichtian of southern Colorado: Geological Society of America, 2003 abstracts with programs, 55th Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Section, v. 35, n. 5, p. 35.

Twitchett, R. J., 1998, ‘And the small shall inhert the Earth…’: In: Palaeontological Association, 42 Annual Meeting, The Univeristy of Portsmouth, 16-19th December, 1998, p. Unnumbered.

Twitchett, R. J., 1999, Palaeoecology, preservation and the myth that fish are immune to mass extinction events: In: Palaeontological Association 43nd Annual Meeting, Univeristy of Manchester, p.33.

Twitchett, R. J., 2001, Incompleteness of the Permian-Triassic fossil record: a consequence of productivity decline? In: History of Biodiversity, guest editors, Harper, D. A. T., and Benton, M. J., Geological Journal, v. 36, n. 3-4, p. 341-353.

Tyson, N. de G., 2005, Knock 'em dead: Natural History, v. 114, n. 4, p. 25-26, 27, 70.

U

Unwin, D. M., 1987: Pterosaur extinction: nature and causes: Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, new series, n. 150, p. 108-111.

Urey, H. C., 1973, Cometary Collisions and Geological Periods: Nature, v. 242, p. 32-33.

V


Van Valen, L., 1984, Catrastrophes, expectations, and the evidence: Paleobiology, v. 10, n. 1, p. 121-137.

Van Valen, L., and Sloan, R. E., 1977, Ecology and the Extinction of the Dinosaurs: Evolutionary Theory, v. 2, p. 37-64.

Van Valen, L., and Sloan, R. E., 1977, Contemporaneity of late Cretaceous extinctions: Nature, v. 270, p. 193.

Vietti, L. A., Wright, S., McKim S., Clementz, M., and Hutchen, C., 2021, The Cretaceous-Paleogene fossil mammal project: digitizing and sharing Wyoming's rare fossil mammal collection for understanding mammal extinction and recovery through ecosystem collapse: In: The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 80th Annual Meeting, Virtual 2020, October, 12-16, 2020, Meeting Program and Abstracts, p. 329. 

Viglietti, P. A., Benson, R. B. J., Smith, R. M. H., Botha, J., Kammerer, C. F., Skosan, Z., Butler, E., Crean, A., Eloff, B., Kaal, S., Mohoi, J., Molehe, W., Mtalana, N., Mtungata, S., Ntheri, N., Ntsala, T., Nyaphuli, J., Otober, P., Skinner, G., Strong, M., Stummer, H,. Wolvaardt, F. P, and Angielczyk, K. D., 2021, Evidence from South Africa, for a protracted end-permina extnction on land: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, v. 118, n. 17, 8pp.

Vigletti, P. A., Benson, R. B., Smith, R. M., Botha, J., Kammerer, C. F., Skosan, Z., Mitalan, N., Mtungata, S., October, P., Wolvaardt, D., Strong, M., Skinner, G., and Angielczky, K., 2021, A multi-index characterization of faunal dynamics reveals the nature of South Africa's latest Permian mass extinction: In: The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 80th Annual Meeting, Virtual 2020, October, 12-16, 2020, Meeting Program and Abstracts, p. 330.

Viglietti, P. A., Rubidge, B. S., and Smith, R. M. H., 2017, New Late Permian tectonic model for South Africa's Karoo Basin: foreland tectonics and climate change before the end-Permian crissis: Scientific Reports, n. 7, article number 10861, published online, 7pp.

W

Wailoo, K., 1988, American Scientist Interviews: American Scientist, v. 76, p. 276-281.

Walkden, G., Parker, J., and Kelley, S., 2002, A Late Triassic impact ejecta layer in southwestern Britian: Science, v. 298, p. 2185-2188.

Waters, T., 1990, The Dinosaur Acid Test: Discover, v. 11, n. 2, p. 28.

Wang, S., 2001, What are mass extinctions? A statistical approach using density estimation: NAPC Abstracts, unnumbered.

Wang, K., Geldsetzer, H. H. J., and Hrouse, H. R., 1994, Permian-Triassic extincton: Organic 13C evidence from British Columbia, Canada: Geology, v. 22, p. 580-584.

Ward, P. D., 1995, After the Fall: Lessons and Directions from the K/T Debate: Palaios, v. 10, p. 530-538.

Ward, P. D., 1996, The anatomy of the K/T extinctions: In: Dinofest International Symposium, programs and abstracts, edited by Wolberg, D. L., and Stump, E., Arizona State University, p. 112.

Ward, P. D., 1997, On the Cretaceous extinction of the Ammonites: In: Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium sponsered by Arizona State University, a publication of The Academy of Natural Sciences, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Stump, E., and Rosenberg, G. D., p. 519-525.

Ward, P. D., Botha, J., Buick, R., de Kock, M. O., Erwin, D. H., Garrison, G. H., Kirschvink, J. L., and Smith, R., 2005, Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo basin, South Africa: Sciene, v. 307, p. 709-714.

Ward, P. D., Smith, R., and MacLeod, K., 1998, The Permo-Triassia mass extinction event in the Karoo, South Africa: In: The Dinofest Symposium, presented by The Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17-19, 1998, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Gittis, K., Miller, S., Carey, L., and Raynor, A., p. 62.

Ward, W., Stinnesbeck, W., Adatte, T., and Keller, G., 1994, Yucatan Subsurface revisited-relation to Chicxulub impact structure: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 122, (T37), p. A-334.

Warm, J. E., Morgan, M., and Kuehner, H.-C., 2002, Impact-generated carbonate accretionary lapilli in the Late Devonian Alamo Breccia: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 489-504.

Waters, T., 1997, Death by Seltzer: Discover, v. 18, n. 1, p. 54-55.

Weems, R. E., 1992, The "terminal Triassic catastrophic extinction event" in perspective: a review of Carboniferous through Early Jurassic terrestrial vertebrate extinction patterns: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 94, p. 1-29.

Wei-Haas, M., Core sampling the Chicxulub. Deavastating details: In Dinosaurs, a new look at the Prehistoric icons, Part one, A view of dinosaurs like never before: National Geographic, p. 84-85.

Weil, A., 1994, K/T survivorship as a test of Acid Rain hypotheses: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session 122, (T37), p. A-335.

Weil, A., 1994, Acid rain as an agent of extinction at the K/T boundary-not!: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 14, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Fifty-Fourth Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Burke Museum, Univesity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 7 September, p. 51A.

Weiland, G. R., 1942, Too hot for the Dinosaur!: Science, v. 96, p. 359.

Weinreb, D., 2003, Catastrophic events in the history of life: toward a new understanding of mass extinctions in the fossil record (part 1 of 4): Fossil News, Jounral of Avocational Paleontology, v. 9, n. 5, p. 6-8.

Weinreb, D., 2003, Catastrophic events in the history of life: toward a new understanding of mass extinctions in the fossil record (part 2 of 4): Fossil News, Jounral of Avocational Paleontology, v. 9, n. 6 p. 5-11.

Weinreb, D., 2003, Catastrophic events in the history of life: toward a new understanding of mass extinctions in the fossil record (part 3 of 4): Fossil News, Jounral of Avocational Paleontology, v. 9, n. 7 p. 5-11.

Weinreb, D., 2003, Catastrophic events in the history of life: toward a new understanding of mass extinctions in the fossil record (part 4 of 4): Fossil News, Jounral of Avocational Paleontology, v. 9, n. 8 p. 4-7.

Weisburd, S., 1984, Sister star scenario: Sound or Shot?: Science News, v. 126, n. 18, p. 279.

Weisburd, S., 1985, Volcanoes and extinctions: erupting the impact idea: Science News, v. 127, n. 11, p. 172.

Weisburd, S., 1985, Could dinosaurs have survied asteroid?: Science News, v. 128, n. 10, p. 151.

Weisburd, S., 1985, Wildfires: Apocalypse Then and Now: Science News, v. 128, n. 15, p. 228.

Weisburd, S., 1986, Iridium spike not a comet strike?: Science News, v. 130, n. 23, p. 103.

Weissman, P. R., 1985, Terrestrial imnpactors at geological boundary events: comets or asteroids: Nature, v. 314, p. 517-518.

Whiteside, J. H., and Irmis, R,. 2011, Non-biotic controls of Permo-Triassic Tetrapod diversity: implications for understanding the end-Permian extinction on land: In Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement to online Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 71st Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Paris Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, November 2-5, 2011, Program and Abstracts, p. 213-214.

Whiteside, J. H., Olsen, P. E., Eglinton, T., Brookfield, M. E., and Sambrotto, R. N., 2010, Compound-specific carbon isotopes from Earth's largest flood basalt eruptions directly linked to the end-Triassic mass extinction: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, early edition, 5 pp.

Whitmire, D. P., and A. A. Jackson, IV. 1984. Are periodic mass extinctions driven by a distant solar companinon? Nature, Vol. 308: 713-715.

Whitmire, D. P., and Mantese J. J., 1985, Periodic comednt shovers and palent X: Nature, v. 313, p. 36-38.

Whyte, M. A., 1977, Turning points in Phanerozoic history: Nature, v. 267, p. 679-682.

Wieland, G. R. , 1925, Dinosaur extinction: American Naturalist, v. 59, p. 557-565.

Wignall, P., 1996, The end-Palaeozoic double whammy: Palaeontological Association Annual Conference, 40th Annual Meeting, Lapworth Museum, Univeristy of Birmingham, p. 20.

Wignall, P., and Twitchett, R., 1997, The Permo-Triassic mass extinction in East Greenland: Palaeontological Association Annual Meeting Abstracts, 41st Annual Meeding, Cardiff, p. 21.

Wignall, P. B., and Twitchett, R. J., 2002, Extent, duration, and nature of the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event: In: Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond, edited by Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K. G., Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 395-413.

Williams, M. E., 1994, Catastrophic versus noncatastrophic extinction of the Dinosaurs: Testing, Falsifiability, and the Burden of Proof: p. 183-190.

Witze, A., 1996, The Rock that Killed the Dinosaurs?: Earth, v. 5, n. 4, p. 12-13.

Wolbach, W. S., Lewis, R. S., and Anders, E., 1985, Cretaceous Extinctions: Evidence for Wildfires and Search for Meteoritic Material: Science, v. 230, p. 167-170.

Wolfe, J. A., 1987, Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic history of deciduousness and the terminal Cretaceous event: Paleobiology, v. 13, n. 2, p. 215-226.

Wolfe, J. A, 1988, Reply to Galbreath, G. J., 1988. Arctic Dinosaurs and Terminal Cretaceous Exctinctions: Science, v. 239, p. 11-12.

Wolfe, J. A., and Upchruch, F. R. jr., 1986, Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 324, p. 148-152.

Wood, R. 2002, Dodging mass extinction, all around, species were dying off. But in this Devonian reef, life went on, why? Natural History, v. 111, n. 10, p. 58-63.

Workman Ford, K., 2004, Evidence for the pre-K/T boundary extinction of Cretaceous marine reptiles and dinosaurs, Moreno Formation, California: The Geological Society of America, 2004 Abstracts with Programs, v. 36, n. 4, p. 6-7.

Worsley, T. R., 1971, Terminal Cretaceous events: Nature, v. 230, p. 318-320.

Wright, L., 2001, P/T extinction explained: Geotimes, April, 2001, p. 6.

Wroblewski, A. J., 1996, New perspectives on terminal Cretaceous marine regression and Dinosaurian extinction: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 16, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Fifty-sixth Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, October 16-19, p. 74A.

Wroblewski, A. J., 1998. Changing paleoenvironments and paleofaunas across the K-T boundary, Ferris Formation, Southcentral Wyoming: Tate Geological Museum, Casper College, Casper Wyoming. Tate ’98. Life in the Cretaceous, p. 53-70.

Wroblewski, A. F.-J., 2002, Slow burn, blazing finale, or something else? Three-phase model for dinosaurian extinction in the North American western interior: Annual meeting & exposition, Denver, 2002, p. 360.

Wu, Y., Chu, D., Tong, J., Song, H., Dal Corso, J., Wignall, P. B., Song, H., Du, Y., and Cui, Y., 2021, Six-fold incresae of atmospheric pC02 during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: Nature Communications, published online, 8pp.

X

Xue, X., 1987, A preliminary study of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the Qingling Mountains in China: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 7, supplement to n. 3, Abstracts of Papers, Forty-Seventh Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, October 22-24, p. 30A.

Y

Yanez-Arenas, A., Nakamura, M,. Trites, A. W., Reyes-Bonilla, H., Hernandez-Camacho, C. J., Galvan-Magna, F., Borcherding, J, and Del Monte-Luna, P., 2023, An integrated system to assess marine extinctions: Plos One, v. 19, n. 10; e0293478, 19pp.

Ycas, M., 1982, A Message from Triceratops?: Journal of theorical Biology, v. 96, p. 39-47.

Yayanos, A. A., 1983, Thermal neutrons could be a cause of biological extinctions 65 Myr ago: Nature, v. 303, p. 797-800.

Yulsman, T., 1994, Did the dinosaurs suffocate?: Earth, v. 3, n. 2, p. 12.

Yulsman, T., 1994, The sermon from the lectern: Earth, v. 3, n. 4, p. 6.

Yulsman, T., 1994, Big Chill for the Dinosaurs: Earth, v. 3, n. 4, p. 12-13.

Z

Zaffos, J., 2005, Honeybee survival stings impact theory: Geotimes, January, 2005, p. 8-9.

Zakharov, Y. D., Arkhangelsky, M. S., Zverkov, N. G., Borisov, I. V., and Popov, A. M., 2015, Age of beds with Ichthyosaur Tholodus in South Primorye: Russian Journal of Pacific Geology, v. 9, n. 5, p. 390-397.

Zhao, Z.-K., 1994, Dinosaur eggs in China. On the structure and evolution of eggshells: In: Dinosaur Eggs and Babies, Edited by Carpenter, K., Hirsch, K. F., and Horner, J. R., Cambridge University Press, p. 184-203.

Zhao, Z.-K., Mao, X.-Y., Chai, Z.-F., Yang, G.-C., Kong, P., Ebihara, M., and Zhao, Z.-K., 2002, A possible causal relationship between extinction of dinosaurs and K/T iridium enrichment in the Nanxion Basin, South China: evidence from dinosaur eggshells: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoeology, v. 178, p. 1-17.

Zhao, Z. Ye, J., and Wang, Q., 2017, Dinosaur extinction and subsequent mammalian recovery during the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) transtion in the Nanxiong Basin: Chinese Science Bulletin, v. 62, p. 1869-1881.

Zhao, Z., Ye, J., Li, H., Zhao, Z., and Zhang, Y., 1991, Extinction of the Dinosaurs across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong Province: Vertebrata PalAsiatica, v. 29, n. 1, p. 28-29.

Zimmer, C., 1997, When North America Burned: Discover, v. 18, n. 2, p. 26.

Zimmerman, R., 1999, This Is the Way the World Ended: The Sciences, v. 39, n. 4, p. 39-43.

Zinsmeister, W. J., 1994, What Can the Fossil Record Tell Us About the Terminal Cretaceous Extinction Evenet and the Dissappearence of the Dinosaurs?: In: Dino Fest, edited by Rosenberg, G. D., and Wolberg, D. L., The Paleontological Society Special Publication Number 7, 1994, series editor, Spencer R. S. p. 487-500.

Zinsmeister, W. J., 1996, Did the World of the Dinosaurs end with a pop or a bang?: In: Dinofest International Symposium, programs and abstracts, edited by Wolberg, D. L., and Stump, E., Arizona State University, p. 116.

Zinsmeister, W. J., 1997, Did the World of the Dinosaurs end with a Bang or a Pop?: In: Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium sponsered by Arizona State University. A Publication of The Academy of Natural Sciences, edited by Wolberg, D. L., Stump, E., and Rosenberg, G. D., p. 541-557.

Zinsmeister, W. J., and Feldmann, R. M., 1995, Late Cretaceous faunal changes in the High Southern Lattitudes: a harbringer of impending global biotic catastrophe?: GSA Abstracts and Programs, Session v. 114, (T19), p. A-295.